A Short Note on Satavahana Dynasty

Satavahana dynasty, an Indian family that, according to certain interpretations based on the Puranas (old religious and mythological books), belonged to the Andhra jati (“tribe”) and was the first Deccanese dynasty to establish an empire in dakshinapatha—that is, the southern area. The Satavahanas ruled over vast swaths of western and central India at their peak.

The Satavahana Dynasty’s Beginnings and Evolution

When Devabhuti, the monarch of the Sunga dynasty, was assassinated by Vasudeva Kanva in approximately 73 BCE, the Sunga dynasty came to an end. For roughly 45 years, the Kanva dynasty reigned over Magadha. Another great dynasty, the Satavahanas, rose to dominance in the Deccan about this period.

According to Hindu mythology, the term “Satavahana” comes from the Prakrit word “seven,” which refers to the Sun God’s chariot, which is drawn by seven horses.

Simuka was the first king of the Satavahana dynasty.

The Satavahana Dynasty Facts

1. The Mauryas were replaced by the Sungas and Kanvas in the northern area. In Deccan and Central India, however, the Satavahanas (natives) supplanted the Mauryas.
2. It is thought that following the Mauryas’ demise and before the arrival of the Satavahans, there must have been a plethora of tiny political princes governing in various sections of the Deccan (for about 100 years).
3. The Rathikas and Bhojikas described in Ashokan inscriptions most likely evolved into the pre-Satavahana Maharathis and Mahabhojas.
4. The Satavahanas are thought to be the same people as the Andhras, who are described in the Puranas, however, neither the term Andhra nor the Satavahanas are mentioned in the Puranas.
5. The Andhras governed for 300 years, according to the Puranas, during which time the Satavahana dynasty ruled, with their capital at Pratishthana (modern Paithan) on the Godavari in Aurangabad district.
6. The present-day states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Telangana were all part of the Satavahana monarchy. Parts of Gujarat, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh were ruled by them at times.
7. InAt various eras, the kingdom had different capitals. Amaravati and Pratishthana were two of the capitals (Paithan).
8. The Satavahans fought the Kanvas and established their rule in Central India in the first century BCE, according to the oldest inscriptions.
9. The Shaka Kshatrapas of western India, who had established themselves in the upper Deccan and western India, were their main opponents.

The Satavahana dynasty’s important rulers

Simuka

After Ashoka’s death, he was immediately active as the creator of the Satavahana dynasty.

Built Buddhist and Jain temples.

Satakarni (70- 60 BC)

• Satakarni I was the Satavahanas’ third ruler
• Satakarni I was the first Satavahana ruler to use military victories to extend his realm
• After Kharavela’s death, he controlled Kalinga
• In Pataliputra, he likewise forced the Sungas back
• He also reigned over the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh
• He took the title of ‘Lord of Dakshinapatha’ after annexing the Godavari Valley
• The Naneghat inscription, written by his queen Nayanika, depicts the monarch as Dakshinapathapati
• In the Deccan, he practised Ashvamedha and resurrected Vedic Brahmanism

Satavahana Administration’s Characteristics

The king was portrayed as the defender of dharma, striving to achieve the royal ideal outlined in the Dharmashastras. The Satavahana ruler is said to have the divine traits of ancient gods like Rama, Bhima, and Arjuna.

Some Ashokan administrative entities were retained by the Satavahanas. The kingdom was split into Sahara districts. Amatyas and mahamatras were the titles given to their officials (the same as in Mauryan times). 

However, unlike the Mauryans, the Satavahanas’ governance has military and feudal characteristics. Senapati, for example, was named province governor. It was most likely done to keep the Deccan tribes who were not brahmanized under military authority.

Satavahana Kingdom Religion and Language

The Satavahanas were Hindus who belonged to the Brahmanical caste. However, what is notable is their compassion towards other castes and religions, as seen by their donations to Buddhist monasteries. During the Satavahana dynasty’s reign, several Buddhist monasteries were built.

The Satavahanas’ official language was Prakrit, though the script was Brahmi (as was the case in the Ashokan times). Political inscriptions also shed information on Sanskrit Literature’s uncommon use.

Post-Mauryan India

The Mauryans were the first to use stone masonry on a wide scale. Ashoka’s contribution to Indian art was a series of monolithic pillars with his inscriptions that have been discovered in various locations of the subcontinent.

The Sarnath pillar, which is the Indian republic’s national emblem, is the Ashokan architecture’s crowning element.

The rapid development of such sophisticated stone sculptures indicates that foreign labour was engaged or had some impact. The influence of the Achaemenids may be recognised in these pillars, although there are no other examples of single, free-standing wood pillars.

Conclusion:

Satavahana dynasty, an Indian family that belonged to the Andhra jati (“tribe”) and was the first Deccanese dynasty to create an empire in dakshinapatha—that is, the southern territory, according to certain interpretations based on the Puranas (ancient religious and mythological writings). At their apex, the Satavahanas reigned over broad swathes of western and central India. The Satavahanas succeeded the Mauryan hegemony in the Deccan. Satakanis, Sanskritized as Satavahana, Shalivahana, and Satakarni, were another name for the Satavahanas. Although their origins may have been around the present-day Bellary area, they were identified with Andhra territory during their heyday.