A Short Note on library Dynasty of Delhi Sultanate

The first Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate was the Ilbary Dynasty, also known as the Slave Dynasty, Mameluq Dynasty, or Ilbari Dynasty, according to historians. Only three of the nine rulers of this dynasty, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, and Balban, were slaves during their early lives and last two has been manumitted by their masters long before gaining sovereign powers.

Qutub-ud-Din Aibek, a slave of Muhammad Gori and commander of his army, formed the Ilbary Dynasty. The beginning of the Sultanate of Delhi and the first dynasty of the Sultanate is recognised as Qutub-ud-Din Aibek’s acceptance of sovereign powers in 1206.

The Ilbari Dynasty or Slave Dynasty of India:

• Only three monarchs from the so-called Slave Dynasty were slaves, namely Qutab – ud – din Aibak, Iltutmish, and Balban.
• The dynasty is known as the Ilbari dynasty because all of its monarchs, with the exception of Aibak, were Turks from the Ilbari tribe.

Qutab – ud – din Aibak History (1206 – 1210):

• The founder of the Ilbari Dynasty and India’s first Muslim king.
• Md. Ghori entrusted his Indian property to him. After his master’s death, he ascended to the throne and established this dynasty.
• His capitals were Lahore and, later, Delhi.
• He was known for his generosity, earning the moniker lakh – baksh (giver of Lakhs).
• Qutub Minar was built in the honour of Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, a prominent Sufi saint.
• While playing Chaugan in Lahore, he died in a horse accident (polo). Polo was only introduced to India by the Turks.
• Qutub-ud-din was a master builder as well. He began work on the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Delhi, the Adhai Din Ka Jhopra (a mosque in Ajmer), and the Qutb Minar, a 72 1/2-meter (238-foot) stone tower in Delhi (named for the Muslim saint Khwaja Qutb-ud-din Bakhtiyar Kaki). Iltutmish, his successor, ultimately finished the construction of Qutub Minar.
• He was a major supporter of education and favoured writers such as Hasan Nizami, author of Taj ul Maasir, and Fakhr ud din, author of Tarikh I Mubarak Shahi.

History of Aram Shah (1210):

• When Qutab-ud-din Aibak died unexpectedly in Lahore, the Amirs and Maliks of the city installed Aram Shah on the throne. Some texts claim he was Aibak’s son, while others disagree.
• The people of Delhi rejected him because he was a weak and worthless young guy. At the time, Iltutmish, the Governor of Badaun, defeated him and took the kingdom.

Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish (AD1211-1230):

• He was Qutb-ud-din Aibak’s slave. He rose to become his son-in-law and the Governor of Badaun via sheer skill. In 1211, he toppled Aram Shah, Qutb-ud-successor, and proclaimed himself king.
• He introduced the Sultanate’s two fundamental coins: the silver tanka and the copper jital.
• Minhaj – ul – Siraj, the author of Tabaqat – I – Nasiri, was one of his patrons.
• He is known as the “Father of Tomb Construction” (built by Sultan Garhi in Delhi).
• He named Razia as his successor.

Razia Begum (AD 1236-1240):

• She was mediaeval India’s first and last Muslim lady ruler. She took over from her brother in 1236 and reigned for 312 years.
• She disobeyed purdah, began dressing in male garb, and rode in public on the back of an elephant.
• Jamaluddin Yaqut, an Abyssinian, was promoted to the key position of superintendent of the stables.
• In Bhatinda, there was a major uprising. Governor of Bhatinda Malik Ikhtiaruddin Altunia refused to recognise Raziya’s suzerainty.
• On their trip back to Delhi, however, she and her husband were slain by Bahram Shah, an Iltutmish son.
• Raziya was a skilled horsewoman who commanded the army. Her only issue was the fact that she was a lady.

Conclusion:

The Ilbary Dynasty or the slave dynasty (1206–90), a nearly century-long succession of sultans of Delhi, India. Mu’izz was the surname of their ancestors. Following Ghori’s assassination, the Turkic Qutb al-Din Aibak, one of Ghori’s slaves (or mamluks, Arabic: ), gained authority and became the first Sultan of Delhi.

Qutb al-Din Aibak, a favourite slave of Muslim general and subsequently sultan Muammad of Ghur, created the Slave dynasty. Qutb al-Din had been one of Muammad’s most trusted Turkish officials, overseeing his master’s victories in India. When Muammad was killed in 1206, Qutb became the ruler of Lahore. In a back-and-forth struggle with a rival Slave ruler, Taj al-Din Yildoiz, he managed to cement his power, capturing and losing Ghazna. He was eventually relegated to the role of solely Indian ruler. He died in a polo accident in 1210, and his son-in-law, Iltutmish, took over the throne soon after.