Types of Diseases

Introduction

The disease is referred to as an abnormal condition that adversely affects the functioning of the human body. This abnormality is peculiarly not because of any physical injury. In context with humans, diseases are generally referred to as a condition causing immense pain, abnormalities, distress, social issues, and sometimes death. There are several types of Diseases..

Classification Of Diseases

Diseases can be classified into various categories and strata; these are:

• Physical disease
• Mental disease 
• Infectious disease
• Non- infectious disease
• Deficiency disease 

Sometimes, diseases can also be classified as acute or chronic.

ACUTE DISEASES– Diseases that happen suddenly and recover within a short period are called acute diseases.

CHRONIC DISEASES– Diseases that develop over time and take years or months to recover are chronic diseases. 

Physical Diseases

Physical diseases are the kind which are typically affecting the musculoskeletal parts of the body focusing the both physical body as well as the muscles. It is the problem that can be easily identified because of the symptoms that it might reflect which are observable and seen. These physical diseases are not directly related to the age or aging factors; they can sometimes also affect the psychological aspects due to the biological links of both pain with the human brain.

Mental Disease

Mental diseases or illnesses are conditions capable of affecting one’s mood, feelings, and behavior. They can affect the function of the mind daily, altering the normal schedules and routines. Mental disorders include:

1. Anxiety disorder, panic attacks, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and phobias
2. Depression, bipolar disorders, and other mood disorders
3. Eating disorders
4. Personality disorders
5. Post-traumatic stress disorders 
6. Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia

Causes For Mental Diseases/Disorders

There is no particular cause for mental disease to develop or take place. Numerous factors contribute to mental disorders. These are:

• Genetics and family history 
• Stress 
• Traumatic brain injury 
• A mother’s exposure to toxic chemicals and substances while pregnant. 
• Consumption of alcohol and drug abuse 
• Severe medical conditions like cancer
• Being isolated or having few friends 
• Family issues or disputes

Infectious Disease

Infectious diseases are also referred to as communicable or transferrable diseases resulting from some infection by some pathogenic agents in the host organism. Infectious diseases include:

1. Common cold
2. Influenza 
3. Coronavirus 
4. HIV/AIDS
5. EBOLA 
6. MEASLES 
7. POLIO 

Causes Of Infectious Diseases

Infectious disease can be caused by the following:

• Bacteria, parasites, viruses, or fungi
• Direct contact while a healthy person comes in contact with an unhealthy or ill person, through water droplets, cough, handshakes, etc. 
• Indirect contact through touching dirty street channels, laptop of an unknown person, using towels or injections of the ill person 
• Insect bites or vectors carry germs
• Food contamination through eating dirty and junk food or contaminated water

Non-Infectious Disease

Non-infectious diseases are known to be the ones that are not transferable from one person to another and are not caused by pathogens but due to other factors like malnutrition, genetics, environment, and lifestyle. These are also known as chronic diseases. The main types of non-communicable diseases are:

1. Cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks
2. Cancers
3. Chronic respiratory diseases
4. Diabetes 

Causes Of Non-Communicable Disease

• INHERITANCE: Non-communicable diseases result from infected inheritance of genes from ancestors that lead to chronic diseases in offspring. 

• LIFESTYLE: Today’s generation faces the wrath of diseases due to an unhealthy lifestyle. Consuming a lot of junk food, binge-eating with binge-watching seriously, no physical activity in day-to-day routine have made the immune system more impeccable to diseases that affect the health in the long run. 

• ENVIRONMENT: Under peer pressure or influence from elders, many teenagers have started consuming alcohol, smoking tobacco, or drug intake at the very early age of life. This has led to early deaths and chronic diseases like mouth and lung cancers. 

Deficiency Disease

Such types of diseases are caused due to a lack of essential vitamins and nutrients that the body requires to perform day-to-day activities. There are two types of deficiency diseases:

1. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY: This is caused due to lack of primary amines in the body. Suppose there is a situation of less vitamin intake. In that case, the condition is referred to as a primary deficiency. If it occurs due to malabsorption of vitamins due to any specific disorder, it is recognized as a secondary deficiency. Diseases caused by vitamin deficiency are beriberi and pellagra. 
2. MINERAL DEFICIENCY: It occurs when the human body avoids absorption or receives comparatively less mineral than the required amount. The deficiency in minerals can result in various health conditions like lack of iron and anemia. 

Conclusion

Diseases are some of the most chronic illnesses which tends to impair one’s well being through different types of it. Sometimes it tends to affect us physically while sometimes it is mental. We can even classify these diseases on the basis of how infectious or communicable they are in terms of spreading. These diseases have many prevalent reasons sometimes pertaining to deficiency and sometimes it can be a result of carelessness. There are various measures through which one can take care of themselves and prevent the disease from spreading or catching one.