Issues Related to Vulnerable Groups

Vulnerability results in developmental problems, inability to work personally, the status of disadvantaged people, lack of communication and support of people, neighborhoods, and disadvantages, and complex interactions of these factors over a period of life. Vulnerable groups may be at risk under any circumstances (e.g. where older people are unable to provide adequate family health for reasons of disability, illness, age, or other factors), and groups whose resources are limited to providing services. sufficient income from any available source. One of the smallest minority groups in India is the Anglo-Indians and they are also categorized as vulnerable people.

Vulnerable groups in India

In India , there is a lot of social injustice in that members of certain groups experience limitations in health and health care. The discrimination faced by vulnerable groups include women, child, migrants, SC, ST, disabled, sexual minorities, etc. 

• In India, women have low status as compared to men in society. Being a member of a specific caste or ethnic group, they faced double discrimination. It is reported that a large proportion of women do not get prenatal care. In India, institutional delivery is much lower for women from the lower classes of the economy compared to those from the upper class

• Women face violence and it affects their health. In between childhood and adolescence, a girl is exposed to all kinds of violence such as infanticide, neglect of nutritional needs, education, and health care. As adults, they face violence as a result of unwanted pregnancies, at-home violence, sexual harassment in the workplace, and sexual violence including marital rape and murder of honor. Experience violence with it the impact on health varies according to the women’s category, category, and racial identity

• Schedule Caste (lower classes) remained economically dependent, those who are politically and culturally powerless are in the upper class. This has impacted their overall lifestyle and access to food, education, and health. The majority of the poor and the Dalits are still dependent on others for their livelihood. Dalits do not refer to the category but promote a group that is in a state of oppression, social disability, helplessness, and poverty

• The Scheduled Tribes such as SC face structural discrimination within Indian society. They are not the owner of any land and are out of control resources such as land, forest, and water. They build a big one part of agricultural workers, part-time, field workers, industrial workers, etc. This has led to poverty in the middle of them, low levels of education, poor health, and reduced accessibility to health services. They belong to the poorest section of society and have serious health problems

The concept of Child Vulnerable Group

A child’s vulnerability is the result of the interaction of a list of individual and environmental factors that evolve over time. The types and degrees of child vulnerability vary as these factors change and change. Age, for example, shapes children’s needs while exposing them to new risks. Infants, fully dependent and in need of responsive and predictable care, are highly sensitive to parental health and material needs. Young children under the age of three are more susceptible to family stress and lack of material resources due to the rapid onset of early brain development. Young children can benefit from childcare and education interventions (ECEC) and time away from home. The independence of older adults makes them more vulnerable to social ills and risks, making the presence of supportive adults, the quality of schooling, and local economic opportunities critical to social well-being.

The Factors contributing to Child Vulnerability

There are basically two types of factors that contribute to child Vulnerability. These are: 

• Individual factors
• Environmental factors

Individual factors: Each of the factors that contribute to a child’s vulnerability stems from cognitive, emotional, and physical abilities or personal circumstances. 

For example:

• Disability

• Immigrant background

• Maltreatment

• Mental health problems

• Out-of-home care

Environmental factors: Each factor contributing to a child’s vulnerability stems from cognitive, emotional, and physical abilities or personal circumstances, for example, age, disability, child status, or mental health difficulties.

For example,

• Parent’s behavior and health

•  Education level of parents

•  Intimate Partner Violence

•  Deprivation of material

• Stress from family

Conclusion

Significant maturity of people in developing countries is subject to extreme poverty. They are deprived of acceptable access to health delivery services such as health, education, purse, food, security, employment, justice, and equality. The problems of sustainable living and the social and political participation of vulnerable groups exist as major problems in developing countries. Governments have failed to guarantee human rights in the area of crime. People in vulnerable groups are not eligible to receive and exercise their rights.