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We have already studied electric current and circuit in current flow and circuit. When an electric current flows via a conducting wire, certain electricity is lost in the flow of electrons, as we all know. This is due to the transformation of electrical energy into thermal energy. During the current passage through the wire, Some forces (known as wire resistance) work against the flow of electrons. Greater opposition implies more resistance, and less opposition indicates less resistance), and the heat energy released by this opposition means temperature rises. As a result of this phenomenon, there is a one-of-a-kind link between both resistance and temperature. When an electric current passes through a wire coil, the wire opposes the flow of electrons, known as resistance. The temperature of the conductors rises as a result of this opposition. As a result, there must be a link between resistors. So let’s look into the relationship between temperature and resistance a little more. For a better understanding, we will also deduce this relationship.
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Relationship Between Resistance and Temperature
Rt = Ro (1 + 𝛼ΔT) is the mathematical connection between resistance and temperature. The combination of initial resistance and one multiplied by the coefficient of resistivity multiplied by temperature change equals final resistance. Rt = Ro (1 + 𝛼ΔT) is the formula for the relationship between resistance and temperature. These are some of the most prevalent resistance-to-temperature relationships. The resistance of both the conductors increases as the temperature of such conductors rises. As a result, we can conclude that resistance and temperature are directly related. Similarly, as the resistance of a conductor is reduced, the temperature is reduced.
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Please remember that a high-resistance wire will heat up more quickly than a low-resistance wire. As a result, using low resistance wiring in modern homes must be appropriate. Fuse wire has a low resistance, which means it has a low temperature. As a result, Rt = Ro (1 + 𝛼ΔT) is the formula for the relationship between resistance and temperature.
Where Rt denotes the final resistance,
Ro denotes the starting resistance,
denotes the thermal and mean coefficient of resistivity and coefficient of resistivity.
ΔT = (Tf – Ti) or temperature change.
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Temperature Effect on Resistance
Resistance is determined by the design of a conductor and also the material it is constructed of, but it is also affected by temperature (although we neglect this). Consider a basic resistance model to better understand the temperature relationship. Atoms and molecules obstruct electron transport through a conductor. The electrons have a tougher time passing through all these atoms or molecules the more they bounce around. As a result, resistance rises as the temperature rises. The resistivity temperature dependence for modest temperature changes:
= o (1 + a DT)
Instead, we typically use the term “resistance” to describe it:
R = Ro (1 + a DT)
This indicates we’re presuming that length as well as area remain constant regardless of temperature. We can now get away with this supposition since the linear thermal expansion coefficient is usually significantly less than that of the temp coefficient of resistance.
The temperature coefficient for resistivity in some materials (such as silicon) is negative, implying that resistance decreases as temperature rises. A rise in temperature in such materials can free additional electric charge, due to the increase in current.
This can be used to create a resistor with such a resistance that really is practically temperature independent. Two resistors are connected in series to make the resistor. The temperature coefficient of one resistor is positive, whereas the temperature coefficient of the other is negative. The resistance is adjusted so that the rise in resistance received by one resistor is countered by the reduction in resistance encountered by the other whenever the temperature changes.
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Conclusion
According to the general rule, the dependence of resistance on temperature is that the resistance increases as the temperature increases in conductors and decreases with the increasing temperature in insulators. In semiconductors, the resistance of both the semiconductor normally decreases as the temperature rises. However, no direct mathematical connection can be used to graph this relation between resistance with temperature for various materials. In the event of a conductor, the valence band or even conduction band overlap. As a result, the conduction band of a conductor has extra electrons. When you increase the temperature and absorb the energy, additional electrons move from the valence to the conduction band. When it comes to semiconductors, the conductivity of both materials increases as the temperature rises. The outermost electrons gain energy as the temperature rises, and as a result, the outermost electrons exit the atom’s shell.
