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- A lens is bound by at least one spherical surface. In such lenses, the other surface would be planes (plano-convex lens and plano-concave lens).
- Convex lens: It has two spherical surfaces that bulge outwards.
- It is thicker in the middle as compared to the edges
- It converges light rays, and it’s called converging lenses
- Concave lens: It has two spherical surfaces that curve inwards.
- It is thicker at the edges than at the middle
- It diverges light rays and hence is also called diverging lenses
Image Formation
The image will be realistic, reversed, and magnified. When an object is put inside F on a convex lens, the image will be virtual, upright, and magnified, and it will be on the same side of the lens as the object. All rays diverge when a lens is concave. Virtual pictures are created using concave lenses.
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Image Formation through Lenses
As any observer views the picture of the item via the lens, images are produced at the spots where they are seeing. As a result, if the passage of numerous light beams via a lens is tracked, the light rays will intersect at a point as the lens refracts them.
Image formation by a Convex lens:
Table: Nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a convex lens
Lens Formula:
The formula for spherical lenses is given by:
1/v – 1/u = 1/f
This formula describes the relationship between object distance (u), image distance (v), and the focal length (f).
Power of a Lens:
It is the ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays. It is the reciprocal of its focal length.
- The SI unit of power of a lens is dioptre
- The power of a convex lens is positive, and that of a concave lens is negative
