The Northern Plains and Peninsular Plateau

The Northern Plains: 

• Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra Rivers deposit alluvial deposits, which are then eroded by the elements to produce the northern plains mountains
• Its length from east to west is 3200 kilometers, and its typical breadth is between 150 and 300 kilometers. Its greatest depth ranges between 1000 and 2000 kilometers
• From the north to the south, the northern plains may be separated into three primary zones: the Bhabar, the Tarai, and the alluvial plains. The Bhabar is the most northern of these three zones. In addition to the Khadar and the Bhangar, the alluvial plains may be separated into two further areas
• Bhabar: It is a thin band that runs alongside the Shivalik foothills at the break-up of the hill and is between 8 and 10 kilometers wide
• The streams and rivers that flow down from the mountains drop large loads of rocks and stones in this zone, and at times, they completely vanish
• Tarai: It is located south of the Bhabar and has a width of around 10-20 kilometers
• Tarai is the term used to describe marshy and swampy situations caused by the re-emergence of streams and rivers that have not been effectively defined by channels.
• This area features a lush spread of native forests and is home to a diverse range of fauna
• The Bhangar and Khadar alluvial deposits, which are located in the southern Terai region, are both ancient and new alluvial deposits, respectively
• Plains with characteristics of fluvial geomorphic landforms at their mature stages, such as sandbars, meandering channels, oxbow lakes, and braided channels, may be found in these areas
• The Brahmaputra lowlands are notable for their riverine islands and sandbars, which may be found in abundance. The majority of these places are prone to recurrent flooding and changing river channels, resulting in the formation of braided streams
• The states of Haryana and Delhi serve as a water barrier between the Indus and the Ganga river systems, according to experts
• The Brahmaputra River travels from the northeast to the southwest axis before making an approximately 90-degree swing southward near Dhubri before entering Bangladesh
• These river valley lowlands have a rich alluvial soil cover that supports a diverse range of crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, and jute, and as a result, they are home to a significant number of people

The Peninsular Plateau:

• The Peninsular plateau is a triangular plateau that rises from a height of 150 meters above the river plains to an elevation of 600-900 meters above sea level, forming an uneven triangle
• Extent: Delhi Ridge is located in the northwest (extension of Aravalis)
• Rajmahal hills are located in the east
• The Gir mountain range in the west
• The Cardamom Hills, located in the south, marks the northernmost boundary of the Peninsular plateau
• A number of patland plateaus, including the Hazaribagh plateau, the Palamu plateau, the Ranchi plateau, the Malwa plateau, the Coimbatore plateau, and the Karnataka Plateau, among others, make up the region
• The plateau rises gradually from the west to the east, forming a broad ridge
• Some of the most notable physiographic features of the Peninsular plateau include torsion blocks, block mountains, rift valleys, spurs, exposed rocky formations, a sequence of hummocky hills, and wall-like quartzite dikes that serve as natural water storage places
• The prevalence of black dirt is most noticeable in the western and north-western portions of the plateau
• It has progressed from periodic episodes of elevation and submergence, such as the Bhima fault, to a more stable state
• There are many ravines and gorges in the north-western section of the plateau, including the ravines of Chambal, Bhind, and Morena, which provide a complicated relief

The Peninsular plateau may be classified into three main categories based on notable relief features: the Deccan Plateau, the Central Highlands, and the North-eastern Plateau. The Deccan Plateau is the largest of these three groupings.

Conclusion 

The Peninsular plateau is of significant importance in both global and Indian geography, as well as economics and politics. The plateau, which is made up of mountains, valleys, and ghats, is home to several states, rivers, dams, rocks, vegetation, and animals.Briefly said, the Peninsular Plateau is the highest source of pride for southern India. It is a characteristic of their mainlands, waterlands, food crops and fauna, as well as the whole of their biodiversity.The Northern plains were formed in recent geological period with the help of three major reshaping river systems.