Conventional Energy Resources

Coal

• In India, coal is the most richly accessible non-renewable energy source
• It is utilized for the power age, satisfying energy needs for industry just as for home-grown necessities
• The coal is a bulky material which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash. Consequently, heavy industries  and nuclear energy plants are situated on or close to the coalfields
• In India, coal happens in rock series of two fundamental geographical ages:
  • Gondwana: They are a little north of 200 million years in age. They are metallurgical coal and are located in Damodar valley (West Bengal and Jharkhand). The important coalfields are Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro. The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys likewise contain coal stores
  • Tertiary stores: These are around 55 million years of age and happen in the north eastern provinces of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
• It is framed due to the pressure of plant material north of millions of years and henceforth it is found in an assortment of structures relying upon the levels of pressure and the profundity and season of entombment
  • Peat: It is produced by the decaying plants and has a low carbon, high moisture contents and low heating capacity
  • Lignite: It is a poor quality earthy colored coal which is delicate with high dampness content. The foremost lignite saves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu and are utilized for age of power
  • Bituminous: This coal has been covered and exposed to expanded temperatures. It is the most well known coal in business use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has an uncommon incentive for refining iron in impact heaters
  • Anthracite: It is the greatest hard coal

Petroleum

• Petroleum or mineral oil is the following significant energy source in India after coal
• It gives fuel to heating and lighting, ointments for apparatus and unrefined substances for various assembling enterprises
• Oil treatment facilities go about as a nodal industry for manufactured material, manure and various compound businesses
• Occurrence of Petroleum:
  • In India, most of them are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock formations of the tertiary age. In districts of collapsing anticlines or vaults, it happens where oil is caught in the peak of the upfold
  • The oil bearing layer is a permeable limestone or sandstone through which oil might stream
  • The oil is kept from rising or sinking by mediating non-permeable layers
  • Oil is additionally found in shortcoming traps among permeable and non-permeable rocks
• Major Petroleum Production Areas: Mumbai High, Gujarat and Assam. Ankeleshwar is the main field of Gujarat and Assam is the most seasoned oil delivering territory of India. Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan are significant oil fields in the Assam.

Natural Gas

• It is a significant clean energy asset found in relationships with or without petrol.  It is used as industrial raw material in the petrochemical industry
• Environment Friendly: As it has low carbon dioxide emissions
• Huge stores of petroleum gas have been found in the Krishna-Godavari bowl
• Along the west coast, the stores of the Mumbai High and unified fields are enhanced by finds in the Gulf of Cambay.  Andaman and Nicobar Islands also have large reserves of natural gas
• The 1700 km long Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur cross-country gas pipeline joins Mumbai High and Bassein with the compost, power and modern edifices in Western and Northern India.

Electricity

• It has such a wide range of applications in today’s world that its per capita consumption is considered as an index of development
• Electricity is generated mainly in two ways:
  • Hydro Electricity: It is generated by fast flowing water, which is a renewable resource. India has various multi-reason projects like the Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley enterprise, the Kopili Hydel Project and so on  producing hydroelectric power
  • Warm Electricity: It is produced by utilizing coal, petrol and flammable gas. The nuclear energy plants utilize non-inexhaustible petroleum derivatives for creating power.

Conclusion 

Coal is a non-renewable energy resource which is very easily accessible in India. It can be used for various purposes such as for power and energy for industries and for various household necessities. On the basis of the amount of carbon present in the cold it can be classified into four types-peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite. The anthracite coal is the best quality of coal and is the greatest hard coal. Petroleum is also known as Mineral oil, which is a significant energy source in India after coal. It gives fuel to hotness and lighting, ointments for apparatus and unrefined substances for assembling Enterprise. Petroleum is found associated with anticlines and fault traps in rocks. Major petroleum producing areas are Mumbai High, Gujarat and Assam. Natural gas is also a significant energy source. It is more environmentally-friendly than coal and petroleum. Electricity has a wide range of applications in today’s world that its per capita consumption is considered as an index of development. Electricity can be generated by fast flowing water or by using coal, petrol and flammable gas.