The Rise Of Modern Literature In Indian Languages

In the second half of the nineteenth century, East Indian companies had established their influence on the business structure of India. Their grasp upon the business and financial sectors gradually seeped into the societal structure of India and thereby influencing the lifestyle of common people and their livelihood. Over time Indian literature was also influenced by this shift in culture and the sequential linguistic progress of the country. The literary advancement along with the course of progress incorporated the English language. The stories and poetries were also based on the then societal structure thereby marking the development of modern Indian literature.

Development of modern Indian literature

The development of modern Indian literature was noted by the influence of the western culture that was brought by the East Indian Company with their advent in the country. English language was being taught officially in several institutions and was used for official purposes thereby English had become a part and parcel of the elite society in India. People involved in literature were getting influenced by this shift in the trend and started composing poems and novels. 

Since the influence of the Derozian movement in the Hindu College in Kolkata, the practice of English noticed a radical shift in trend in accepting western culture and the English language in day-to-day lives. The earliest works of Madhusudhan Bhattacharya and Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay carried the baton of the trend of incorporating the English language. However, as the course of resistance progressed, the literature gradually inclined more towards the revolutionary mindset of the society. 

• The works of Rabindranath Tagore and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay gradually passed to Munshi Prem Chand and Sadat Hassan Manto. In the 1930s an influence of Marxism was noticed in the literary works of Bengal, Punjab and Kerala.
• From the 1950s modern Indian literature was enshrined by the literary works of R.K. Narayanan, Ruskin Bond and Kushwant Singh. 
• Over time, modern Indian literature is highly influenced by the course of globalisation and its impact on our day-to-day lives which can be noted in the celebrated writers like Chetan Bhagat and Ravinder Singh and the societal works of Mahasweta Devi and Arundhati Roy.

The societal structure and the course of livelihood from the colonial era have had its influence on the literary works of India.

Literary influence During Second half of the nineteenth century

India witnessed a rise in the course of forming a resistance against the imperialism of the British government in India. It thus called for a revolutionary uprising that was brought forth by eminent literary writers. The second half of the nineteenth century in India witnessed a shift of change in the literary pattern and it was mainly written concerning the then situation of the nation that noted class struggle, societal uprising and exploitation. These works were noted in the works of Michael Madhusudan Bhattacharya, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Bharatendu Harishchandra.

Trends of poetry and other genres of modern Indian literature

From the late nineteenth century, the trend of the literary works gradually shifted from the religious works associated with the late ‘bhakti era’ to the impact of the society by the foreign rulers. The shift in the trend of the write-ups can be noted in the works of poetry and other genres. This shift can be noted in the works of Ananda Mangal of Bharat Chandra Roy to the Anandamath of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Poetic notions also noted the societal structure and the prevalent condition of the society.

Conclusion

Literary works have seen a remarkable shift in the trend in the early nineteenth century that marked the beginning of the development of modern Indian literature. This shift in trend was noted by the impact of the influence of British imperialism upon the society of India. From the late 19th century the writers were mostly engaged in pointing out the societal ills and evils that were prevalent in the then societal pattern and approach of people towards each other based on the class divisions. Through the course of development in the early to late twentieth society, the shift noted from the literary works noting the then condition of    society to a satirical approach towards the trailing influence of western culture. It can be noted in the works of R. K Narayanan.