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Alauddin Khilji, was a Turco Afghan emperor of the Khalji dynasty who ruled from Delhi in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin successfully fended off the Mongols’ attacks on the Chagatai Khanate, including Jaran Manjur (1297-1298), Sivistan (1298), Kili (1299), Delhi (1303), and Amroha (1305). His troops gained a decisive victory against the Mongols close to the Ravi river bank and later attacked the Mongol areas in modern-day Afghanistan. The military commanders who were able to lead his army in the battle against the Mongols comprised Zafar Khan, Ulugh Khan, and his slave-general Malik Kafur.
Alauddin Khilji’s All Invasion
Alauddin conquered the kingdoms Gujarat (raided at the end of 1299 and added to the kingdom at the time of the year 1304), Ranthambore (1301), Chittor (1303), Malwa (1305), Siwana (1308), Siwana (1308) along with Jalore (1311). These victories brought down several Hindu family dynasties, such as the Paramaras and the Vaghela and the Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura and Jalore, the Rawal part of the Guhilas and perhaps the Yajvapalas. His general slave Malik Kafur led multiple campaigns towards the south of the Vindhyas, which resulted in an impressive amount of riches in Devagiri (1308), Warangal (1310) and Dwarasamudra (1311). These victories forced Yadava King Ramachandra and his brother, the Kakatiya king Prataparudra, the Hoysala King Ballala III, into becoming Alauddin’s feudatories. Kafur also attacked Pandya’s kingdom Pandya kingdom (1311) 1311 and took lots of treasure and many horses and elephants.
In the final years of his lifetime, Alauddin suffered from an illness and was dependent on Malik Kafur to manage the administration. Following the death of Alauddin in 1316, Malik Kafur appointed Shihabuddin, his son from Alauddin, as well as the son of his Hindu wife Jhatyapali as the “puppet monarch. However, his older grandson Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah was the first to take over the power following his death.
Mongol Invasions
Mongol Empire was an empire established in 1206 by Genghis Khan. The empire was born out of the Mongols’ core, located on the Steppe of Central Asia in the middle of13th century.
This event stretched from the Pacific Ocean in the east up to the Danube River and the shores of the Persian Gulf in the west and covered nine million sq miles at its height, making it the biggest continuous kingdom of land in history. In 1221, the Mongol Empire was the one that launched numerous incursions in India. Indian subcontinent between 1221 and 1327. Many of the later raids carried out by the Qaraunas were of Mongol origin. The Mongols held portions of the subcontinent for many years. When the Mongols moved into the Indian hinterlands and got to the outskirts of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate took on an attack against them, during which the Mongol army was defeated in a major way.
Mongol vs Khilji war
The Chagatai Khanate took over Punjab in 1292. However, their advance guard led by Ulghu khan had to be defeated and made captive by the founder of the Khilji Dynasty, Jalaluddin. The Chagatai army was defeated in the hands of the Delhi Sultanate several times in 1296-1297.
The most important defeat took place in the battle of Kili in 1299. It was fought against the Chagatai army headed by Qutlug and the Delhi Sultanate army commanded by Khilji Alauddin. The attack of The Chagatai was an assault after previous plundering raids. But it was not the final of the Mongol invasion of India. In 1305 and 1306 was destroyed by Alauddin.
The following year, the Mongol- Khan Duwa was killed, and during disputes over his successor, the flurry of Mongol attacks in India ended. Profiting from this, General Alauddin’s Malik Tughluq regularly raided the Mongol areas in modern-day Afghanistan.
The next major Mongol invasion occurred following the Khiljis were substituted by the Tughlaq Dynasty within the Sultanate. In 1327, the Chagatai Mongols under Tarmashirin took over Delhi and spared it when the Tughlaqs had paid him a massive ransom. The Tughlaqs did not launch any significant attacks following the siege of Tamashirin’s invasion of Delhi.
Conclusion
However, it isn’t well-known that Khilji did save India from suffering a fate worse than his oppressive reign with all of his flaws from defeating Mongols through Ulugh khan. This was the fate of the infamous Mongols who attempted to try invasion in the Indian subcontinent in six instances during his reign as the Sultan of Delhi. They were unsuccessful due to his ingenuity as general and the quality of their discipline, the courage of his army and their commanders, and their superior military strategy. Mongol invaders did to Persia, and the Caliphate in Baghdad, Russia, and elsewhere is well documented. Genocide, destruction of infrastructure, literature, and religious institutions.
