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Just after the American Consulate in Tehran was besieged by a bunch of radical undergraduates who were taken hostage, then-President Jimmy Carter declared and implemented sanctions for the very first time in November 1979. The U.S. approved sanctions prohibiting the transfer of arms and support to Iran in 1984. Since then, Iran and the US have had no formal diplomatic relations. Sanctions have put immense pressure on Iran’s economy over the years. Since 1979, the US has spearheaded international attempts to use sanctions to affect Iran’s policies, notably Iran’s uranium enrichment programme, which Western nations worry is being used to acquire nuclear weapons capacity. Iran replies that its nuclear programme is for civilian uses, such as power generation and medical treatment. Senators in the United States highlighted the stalling and perceived failure of nuclear talks among Iran and Western governments as a rationale to impose tougher economic sanctions on Iran. The United States departed from the Iran nuclear deal on May 8, 2018, as announced by US President Donald Trump. Sanctions against Iran’s financial industry were imposed by the US in November 2018 and will be increased in 2019 and 2020. Some countries have been granted temporary waivers to continue importing limited amounts of Iranian oil until 2019.
Senators in the United States highlighted the stalling and perceived failure of nuclear talks among Iran and Western leaders as a rationale to impose tougher sanctions on iran. The United States departed from the Iran nuclear deal on May 8, 2018, as announced by US President Donald Trump. Sanctions against Iran’s financial industry were imposed by the US in November 2018 and will be increased in 2019 and 2020. Some countries have been granted temporary waivers to continue importing limited amounts of Iranian oil until 2019.
For a long time, economic sanctions have existed alongside military tools as an instrument of statecraft. However, the economy has entered a new era of globalisation marked by the increased use of financial tools for geopolitical (or geo-economic) aims and systemic rivalry. We may see proxy battles and indirect military combat, but economic warfare will influence relations between the major countries first and foremost. This is mostly due to the fact that these countries will aim to avoid open confrontation in order to avoid the assignment of weapons, and they may more easily leverage asymmetric economic interdependence – such as accessibility to US money system – to exert pressure on the other.
US Embargo Act-1807
The U. S. Embargo of 1807 was a set of laws enacted by the United States Congress (1806–1808) during President Thomas Jefferson’s second term.
US Embargo-CUBA
The embargo on Cuba was imposed by the United States on March 14, 1958, following Fidel Castro’s toppling of tyrant Fulgencio Batista during in the Cuban Revolution. The embargo initially solely related to arms sales, but it was gradually broadened to encompass other goods before being extended to nearly all commerce on February 7, 1962.
Russian Sanctions
Russia has mostly focused on enforcing sanctions on pro-Western governments in former Soviet Union countries.The UNSC has a list of those who have been charged with crimes or are related to global terrorism, which raises new legal problems about due process.
Conclusion
Travel restrictions, financial sanctions, arms blockades, and trade restrictions are examples of sanctions.The US maintains almost two dozen sanctions regimes, some of which are focused against specific countries like Cuba and Iran, while others are aimed at acts like terrorism and drug trafficking. Sanctions are the key characteristic of the Western response to several geopolitical challenges, including North Korea’s nuclear programme and Russia’s intervention in Ukraine.
