Environment and Ecology

Environment and Ecology related topics majorly consists of Conservation of Nature and natural resources. In this direction Biodiversity conservation includes in-situ and ex-situ conservation techniques, and this topic also deals with various International Conventions, Treaties and Institutions related to Biodiversity Conservation. Water and Energy Conservation is also being emphasised here along with conservation of other natural resources like Wetlands, Soil, Marine environments, Mangroves etc., in the form of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and other Conservation strategies. Environment pollution and Degradation as a major concern for the world and India also form large part of the syllabus, which mainly consist of Air Pollution, Water Pollution and others along with their prevention efforts by Governments as well as International Community. Impact of environmental degradation like impact deforestation, impact of fossil fuel use and industrialization also forms part of environmental study. Due to rise of degradation and pollution by increasing Industrialization, importance and need of Environmental Impact Assessment have increased in recent times. Through a notification under the Environmental (Protection) Act 1986, Indian Government made it compulsory to perform EIA for type of Projects mentioned in notification as amended from time to time. Environmental subject matter also consists of environmental issues like Climate change, Global warming, Desertification, Biodiversity loss etc. and their mitigation efforts such as Kyoto protocol, UN Convention On Desertification and Paris deal. Other major concerns and issues which can be mentioned are, issues like Forest loss, scarcity of fresh water, melting of glaciers, loss of mangroves and coral reefs, marine pollution etc.