Types of Banks

Bank 

A bank is an economic organization that supplies various financial services, including other services, to the audiences. There are different types of Banks that provide services like promoting loans along with obtaining deposits. Apart from these, the banks perform wealth management and currency exchange so that the financial part remains well settled for human beings. 

These are also the most controlled sectors as the economic growth, and financial stability have to be maintained by banks. The Various Types of Banks perform a crucial part in driving the economy by promoting liquidity to create demand further. 

Types of Banks

The Types of Banks are further listed below:

1. Central Bank

The leading economic and financial authority is under the hands of the Central Banks. Also, various kinds of duties and responsibilities are endowed with this bank. Reserve Bank of India is an example of this, whose primary task is regulating the money market (banking sector). Furthermore, n the year 1935, of 1ST April, the Reserve Bank of India was entrenched under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. 

2. Commercial Bank

Commercial banks are the particular Types of Banks that can deal with any problems and thus are considered economic intermediaries. Some of the everyday things include savings accounts, checking accounts, accepting time deposits, money market account, and many more. These things are not only for the public but for the business houses and corporate sectors as well. 

Under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, these banks are maintained in both public and private sectors. In India, these can be further designated as Unscheduled and Scheduled Banks. 

3. Cooperative Bank

On the other hand, the Cooperative banks are the economic sectors maintained by the stake and shareholders, being the top clients. These can also be divided into urban and rural banks. However, these banks are commanded under the States Cooperative Societies Act, including the Reserve bank of India under the laws including Banking Laws (Cooperative Societies) Act, 1955, and the Banking Regulations Act, 1949. 

4. Regional Rural Banks (RRB)

• In the year 1975, of 2nd October, the Prathama Grameen Bank turned out to be the 1st RRB
• It originated in 1976 when the suggestions were provided by the Regional Rural Banks and the Narasimham Working Group (1975)
• The shareholding pattern provided by this bank is 50:35:15 along with the subsidizing organizations like the Central government, Nationalized banks in India, and State Government, individually
• The main motive of this bank is to denote services like credit, and many more to the left out a section like the labourers, small farmers, artisans, and minimized entrepreneurs, which is performed so that the distance between the rural areas and credits gets diminished along with the imbalance and more job opportunities. 

5. Payments Banks

• These are new banks licensed by the Reserve Bank of India to ensure financial inclusion while promoting the Migrant labour Workforce, remittance services, several payments to low-income households, small businesses, etc
• Under the Companies Act, 2013, these banks will be constructed as the Public limited company, and under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act of 1949, these are authorized

6. Investment Bank

These are particular bank institutions that look after individuals or organizations to further provide economic consultancy services to the needy. Mainly they are the middle lines between the investors and the security issues. Also, they help the new firms to go viral. Some of their financial services include trading securities for their accounts or proprietary trading, mergers and acquisitions (M & M&A) advisory, New matters of Initial Public Offerings (IPO), and many more. 

7. Small Financial Banks or Private Banks in India

These are also known as the Private banks in India to reduce financial inclusion while capturing essential banking works like accepting deposits and then providing this to unnerved and served sections. Dr Raghuram Rajan, the committee member of the Financial Sector Reforms report, 2009, thought of building this bank. 

8. Universal Banks

The mixture of Commercial banking with Investment banking creates Universal banking, offering a broad scope of financial services, including insurance. The main plus point of these banks is that they can generate substantial economic effectiveness while promoting a low amount of cost.

Conclusion

Banks are the vital economic wing of any nation. The various types of banks provide financial services like money deposit and withdrawal facilities, loans, fixed deposits, currency exchange, wealth management, etc.

For a country to develop economically, its financial infrastructure must be strong and well-developed. Banks serve as that financial backbone, providing valuable services to every country.