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Development

National Development: Parameters for comparison of different countries and states, Sustainability of Development and so on.

Development is a process that accounts for generating ideas/aspirations/dreams about various goals and laying down the methods to realize them.

Development is Goal-oriented

  • Developmental goals vary from person to person and nation to nation
  • At times developmental goals of people may even be conflicting
  • For example, Industrialists may want more dams to get electricity, but for the tribal population, it may mean the destruction of their inhabited lands 

National Development

  • A positive change in growth resulting in the creation of tangible and intangible assets for the nation is called national development

Parameters for Comparison of Different Countries and States

  • Income attributes

  • While comparing countries, their income is considered to be an important attribute
  • Countries with higher income are considered more developed than others with less income

  • Per Capita Income

  • For correlation between nations, total income isn’t a precious measure
  • Since countries have different populations, contrasting total income won’t let us know what an average individual is prone to acquire
  • Hence, they can compare the countries based on their average income, i.e., their total income divided by their total population
  • Average income is often termed as per capita income

  • Other Criteria

Other indicators like literacy rate, Infant mortality rate, attendance ratio etc. are equally important to assess the development of a state concerned. For example:  In Haryana, the per capita income is more than that in Kerala. However, the Infant Mortality rate in Kerala is better than that of Haryana.

Development : Unacademy

Public Facilities

  • Income individually is undoubtedly not a good mark of material labour and products that residents can utilize
  • Therefore, public facilities like a clean environment, schools, hospitals, etc. are crucial
  • For example, people’s health and nutritional status in some states are better because of the well-functioning Public Distribution System (PDS)

Sustainability of Development

  • The present development levels of a country must be maintained for future generations, which needs to be sustainable development goals for a positive growth

Alarming groundwater depletion, the high extraction rate of crude oil, etc., signify the need for sustainable development goals