Indo-China Border

Introduction

To address the absence of infrastructure along the Indo-China border and to allow the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), the frontier guarding force for this border, to travel freely. The Ministry of Home Affairs is constructing highways along the Indo-China border in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and urban territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

Issues

• Lack of synchronisation in border management: the western sector of the LAC in Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh and the central sector along the Uttarakhand border are staffed by a special frontier force, which reports to the cabinet secretariat and the Indo-Tibetan border force reports to the ministry of home affairs; all this often creates lack of synchronisation. 
• Undefined Border: China claims part of Arunachal Pradesh as Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region and Tibet autonomous region, and it is claimed by India as part of Ladakh; China maintains that Arunachal Pradesh is part of Tibet. 

Solution 

• Physical demarcation of the border: The borders should be physically demarcated, and both parties agree to some sort of negotiation. 
• Opening of an old silk trade route: India and China can open the old silk route trade which existed between them as well as modern rail-road connectivity. 
• Cooperation in other forums: Enhancement of border understanding will lead to better understanding and cooperation on issues where they differ like admission to UNSC, NSG, terrorism, South China Sea issue, etc.