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About Maratha Military Landscapes:
- The Maratha Military Landscapes refer to a serial nomination of 12 forts developed by the Maratha Empire between the 17th and 19th centuries.
- These forts reflect strategic military planning, ingenious fortification, and adaptation to diverse terrains such as hills, coasts, and islands.
- They embody the guerrilla warfare strategies of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and later Maratha rulers.
List of 12 Forts:
- 11 Forts In Maharashtra: Salher Fort, Shivneri Fort, Lohgad Fort, Khanderi Fort, Raigad Fort, Rajgad Fort, Pratapgad Fort, Suvarnadurg, Panhala Fort, Vijay Durg, and Sindhudurg.
- 1 Fort In Tamil Nadu: Gingee Fort.
About UNESCO World Heritage List:
- The UNESCO World Heritage List is maintained by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
- It includes sites of outstanding cultural or natural value to humanity as per the 1972 World Heritage Convention.
- Sites are inscribed based on 10 selection criteria (6 cultural + 4 natural).
- India now has 42 World Heritage Sites (as of July 2025), including cultural, natural, and mixed heritage.
Why in News?
-  On July 11, 2025, the ‘Maratha Military Landscapes’ was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List during the 47th session of the World Heritage Committee in Paris.
