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Why in News:
- China has proposed a new draft legislation titled the ‘Antarctic Activities and Environmental Protection Law’ to regulate its scientific and logistical activities in Antarctica.
About the Draft Legislation and Antarctic Presence
- Legal Framework: The draft establishes a comprehensive legal framework for all Chinese citizens, organizations, and even foreign entities organizing Antarctic activities from within China.
- Peaceful Use Mandate: It strictly prohibits military combat, weapons testing, and troop deployment, allowing military assets only for supporting peaceful objectives.
- Resource Restrictions: In line with the Antarctic Treaty System, the draft bans mineral resource exploitation, permitting it solely for scientific research.
- Environmental Protocols: Introduces mandatory environmental impact assessments and accountability mechanisms for waste management and marine pollution.
- China’s Status: China launched its first expedition in 1984 and became a Consultative Party to the Antarctic Treaty in 1985.
- Research Stations: China currently operates five research stations: Great Wall, Ongshan, Taishan, Kunlun, and the recently established Qinling Station.
- Logistical Capacity: The country utilizes advanced polar icebreakers, Xuelong and Xuelong 2, to support year-round scientific research across various climatic zones.
