CRASH COURSE-WORLD GEOGRAPHY Presented by - Bhanwar Singh Sirohi
CLIMATOLOGY ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
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GASEOUS CONSTITUTION Homosphere: Called so due to homogeneity of various It extends upto 90 km Called so due to homogeneity of various gases Constituent Gases Highly Variable Constituents Constant Constituents Trace Constituents . Helium (0.0005%) . Neon (0.002%) Water Vapours Nitrogen (78%) Oxygen (21%) Argon (0.93%) . Dust Particles . Sulphur Dioxide Krypton (0.001%) . Hydrogen (0.00005%) Nitrogen Oxide Ozone Carbon Dioxide (0.33%)
GASEOUS CONSTITUTION Hete ro sphere Extends from 90 km to about 1 0000 km Four layers are found which vary in their physical and chemical properties Layers of Hete ro sphere , Molecular Nitrogen (100km-200km) Atomic Oxygen (200km 110Okm) Helium Layer (1100km-3500km) Atomic Hydrogen (topmost layer)
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE HEIGHT TROPOSPHERE Extends from 8km to 1 8 km Lowermost layer All weather phenomenon EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE IONOSPHERE 640 KM occurs in this layer Temperature decreases with 80 KM MESOPAUSE MESOSPHERE increase in height at Normal Lapse Rate (1 C per 165m) Tropopause seperates it from STRATOPAUSE 50 KM STRATOSPHERE TROPOPAUSE TROPOSPHERE 18 KM Stratosphere 8 KM POLES EQUATOR
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE HEIGHT STRATOSPHERE Above tropopause Extends up to a height of 50 EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE IONOSPHERE 640 KM Ideal for flying of let aircraft Also called Ozon sphere Lower portion (at about 35 km) have maximum concentration of Ozone 80 KM MESOPAUSE SO Calle MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 50 KM STRATOSPHERE TROPOPAUSE TROPOSPHERE 18 KM Temperature increases with 8 KM increase in heiaht POLES EQUATOR
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE HEIGHT MESOSPHERE Extends up to height of 80 km EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE IONOSPHERE a Lies above St rat pause 640 KM Temperature decreases with increase in height Coldest layer of the atmosphere mesopause marks the upper limit of Mesosphere 80 KM MESOPAUSE MESOSPHERE 50 KM -STRATORAUSE STRATOSPHERE 118 KM 8 KM TROPOSPHERE POLES EQUATOR
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE HEIGHT THERMOS P HERE This layer lies above Mesopause Temperature increases rapidly with increase in height Gaseous density becomes very low Divided into two layers Ionosphere EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE IONOSPHERE 640 KM 80 KM MESOPAUSE MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE 50 KM STRATOSPHERE TROPOPAUSE TROPOSPHERE 18 KM 8 KM POLES EQUATOR Exosphere
STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE HEIGHT IONOSPHERE Extends from 80 km to 640 km Ionised particles that is which are electrically charged are found in this layer which reflects back radio waves EXOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE IONOSPHERE 640 KM 80 KM MESOPAUSE MESOSPHERE STRATOPAUSE EXOS P HERE 50 KM Uppermost layer Van Allen Radiation belt is located here STRATOSPHERE TROPOPAUSE TROPOSPHERE 18 KM 8 KM POLES EQUATOR