Daily MCQs 2 August

Q 1. In India, what is the role of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)?

1. It promotes the incorporation of child rights into the school curriculum.

2. It undertakes and promotes research in the field of child rights.

3. It functions as the nodal body for the adoption of Indian children.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(A) 1 and 2 only

(B) 2 and 3 only

(C) 1 and 3 only

(D) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (A)

To combat the menace of child trafficking, the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR), with the support of the State Commission for Protection of Child Rights (SCPCRs) and the District Administration is driving 25 days campaign on “Combating Child Trafficking” (1st August to 25th August). In this connection, NCPCR is commemorating “World day against Human Trafficking” observed on 30th July, 2022.

The main objective of this campaign is to sensitize the key stakeholders on basic indicators to identify children at risk, vulnerable children, and prevention for combating child trafficking in bordering districts of India.

Option (A) is correct: The Functions of the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights as laid out in the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (CPCR) Act,2005 are as follow:

• • Examine and review the safeguards provided by or under any law for the time being in force for the protection of child rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation;
  • Examine all factors that inhibit the enjoyment of rights of children affected by terrorism, communal violence, riots, natural disaster, domestic violence, HIV/AIDS, trafficking, maltreatment, torture and exploitation, pornography and prostitution and recommend appropriate remedial measures;
  • Undertake and promote research in the field of child rights;
  • Non compliance of policy decisions, guidelines or instructions aimed at mitigating hardships to and ensuring welfare of the children and provide relief to such children;
  • Present to the Central Government annually and at such other intervals as the Commission may deem fit, reports upon the working of those safeguards.
  • Undertake formal investigation where concern has been expressed either by children themselves or by the concerned persons on their behalf.
  • Promote, respect and serious consideration of the views of children in its work and in that of all Government Departments and Organisations dealing with Children.
  • Produce and disseminate information about child rights.
  • Compile and analyse data on children.

• Promote the incorporation of child rights into the school curriculum, and training of teachers or personnel dealing with children.

Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) is a statutory body of the Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India. It functions as the nodal body for the adoption of Indian children and is mandated to monitor and regulate in-country and inter-country adoptions. CARA is designated as the Central Authority to deal with inter-country adoptions in accordance with the provisions of the Hague Convention on Inter-country Adoption, 1993, ratified by the Government of India in 2003. CARA primarily deals with the adoption of orphan, abandoned and surrendered children through its associated /recognised adoption agencies.

Q 2. Consider the following statements:

1. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has developed National Guidelines on Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) in rural areas.

2. To ensure access to sanitary napkins at an affordable price, the Department of Pharmaceuticals implements the Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janausadhi Pariyojna (PMBJP).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (B)

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has implemented the Scheme for Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene among adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19 years since 2011. The scheme is supported by the National Health Mission through the State Programme Implementation Plan (PIP) route based on the proposals received from the States / UTs. Under the scheme, a pack of sanitary napkins are provided to adolescent girls by the Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) at a subsidized rate of Rs. 6 per pack.

Statement 1 is not correct: Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has developed National Guidelines on Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) for creating awareness on Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) in rural areas as part of its overall interventions related to behaviour change on sanitation hygiene aspect.

Statement 2 is correct: To ensure access to sanitary napkins and good quality medicines at an affordable price, the Department of Pharmaceuticals under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers implements the Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janausadhi Pariyojna (PMBJP), an important step in ensuring the health security for women. Under the project, over 8700 Janaushidhi Kendras have been set up across the country that provides Oxo-biodegradable sanitary napkins named Suvidha at Rs. 1/- per pad only.

Q 3. Consider the following pairs:

How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

(A) Only one pair

(B) Only two pairs

(C) Only three pairs

(D) All four pairs

Answer: (B)

The Government of India has launched “Mission Shakti”- integrated women empowerment programme, as an umbrella scheme for safety, security and empowerment of women for implementation during the 15th Finance Commission period 2021-22 to 2025-26. 

Pair 1 is not correctly matched: The Prime Minister has announced the PM CARES for Children scheme to support children who have lost both parents or surviving parents or legal guardians or adoptive parents due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the Scheme is to ensure comprehensive care and protection of Children in a sustained manner, enable their well-being through health insurance, empower them through education and equip them for self-sufficient existence with financial support till 23 years of age.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: The Government of India has launched “Mission Shakti”- integrated women empowerment programme, as an umbrella scheme for safety, security and empowerment of women for implementation during the 15th Finance Commission period 2021-22 to 2025-26. The “Mission Shakti” consists of two sub-schemes – ‘Sambal’ and ‘ Samarthya’. The One Stop Centre (OSC) is a component of the ‘Sambal’ sub-scheme under the umbrella scheme of “Mission Shakti. The One Stop Centre has been designated as the mainstay of the Sambal sub-scheme at the District level.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: The Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing Centrally Sponsored Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) with effect from 01.01.2017 with the objectives of (i) providing partial compensation for the wage loss in terms of cash incentive, so that the woman can take adequate rest before and after delivery of the first child; and (ii) to improve health seeking behaviour amongst the Pregnant Women & Lactating Mothers (PW&LM). PMMVY provides a cash incentive of Rs. 5000/- directly to the bank/post office account of PW&LM. The eligible beneficiaries receive the remaining cash incentive, as per approved norms towards maternity benefit under Janani Suraksha Yojana after institutional delivery, so that on average a woman gets Rs. 6000/-.

Pair 4 is not correctly matched: The Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing a centrally sponsored scheme namely Mission Vatsalya to support States and UT Governments in delivering services for children in need of care and in difficult circumstances, including for the children in Child Care Institutions (CCIs), which provide/support for boarding & lodging; age-appropriate education; access to vocational training; recreation; health care; counselling etc. Under the scheme guidelines, States/UTs have been instructed for mandatory Police verification of the CCI staff and other staff engaged at the State and District levels, prior to their appointment to prevent such abuse.

Q 4. With reference to the fortified rice, consider the following statements:

1. Under the Wheat-based Nutrition Programme of Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0, fortified rice is allocated to all States/UTs across India.

2. Rice fortification is a cost-effective, culturally appropriate strategy to address micronutrient deficiency in countries with high per capita rice consumption.

3. Government of India has approved a Centrally sponsored pilot scheme on “Fortification of Rice & its Distribution under Public Distribution System for a period of three years beginning 2019-20.

Which of the above statements are correct?

(A) 1 and 2 only

(B) 2 and 3 only

(C) 1 and 3 only

(D) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (D)

Statement 1 is correct: Under Wheat based Nutrition Programme of Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 (erstwhile Integrated Child Development Scheme), fortified rice is allocated to all States/UTs across the country. From the third quarter onwards of FY 2021-22, 100 percent fortified Rice is being distributed to all the States/UTs across the country which also includes aspirational and heavily burdened districts as well.

Statement 2 is correct: Rice fortification is a cost-effective, culturally appropriate strategy to address micronutrient deficiency in countries with high per capita rice consumption. The cost of fortification is determined by a multitude of context-specific variables such as the structure and capacity of the rice industry, the complexity of the supply chain, the policy and regulatory environment and the scale of the relevant programme. 

Statement 3 is correct: Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN) (erstwhile Mid Day Meal) is an ongoing Centrally-Sponsored Scheme which covers all school children studying in Balvatika and classes I-VIII of Government and Government-aided schools. The government of India has approved a Centrally sponsored pilot scheme on “Fortification of Rice & its Distribution under Public Distribution System on 14.02.2019 for a period of three years beginning 2019-20. M/o Consumer Affairs and Food and Public Distribution are the Nodal Ministry in the matter. DoSE&L issued instructions to all the States/UTs to use fortified rice wherever supplied by the Food Corporation of India (FCI). As per information received, fortified rice is distributed/consumed in all districts across the country subject to the availability of fortified rice. A robust ICT-enabled platform named as “Poshan Tracker” management application has been launched which provides a view of the activities at the Anganwadi Centre (AWC), and service deliveries of Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and beneficiary management for pregnant women, lactating mothers and children.

Q 5. With reference to the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, consider the following statements:

1. The Ministry of Women and Child Development is administering this Act which is the primary legislation for ensuring safety, security, dignity and well-being of children.

2. Under this Act, the Child Welfare Committees are mandated to monitor the functioning of the Child Care Institutions (CCIs).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(A) 1 only

(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2

(D) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: (C)

Statement 1 is correct: The Ministry of Women and Child Development is administering the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (JJ Act, 2015) which is the primary legislation for ensuring safety, security, dignity and well-being of children. The Act provides for the protection of children in need of care and protection and those in conflict with the law by catering to their basic needs through care, protection, development, treatment and social reintegration. It defines standards of care and protection to secure the best interest of the child.

Statement 2 is correct: Under the JJ Act, 2015 (Sections 27-30), the Child Welfare Committees have been empowered to take decisions with regard to the children in need of care and protection, keeping their best interests in mind. They are also mandated to monitor the functioning of the Child Care Institutions (CCIs). Similarly, the Juvenile Justice Boards are empowered to take decisions regarding the welfare of children in conflict with the law (Sections 04-09). At the national and state level, the JJ Act, 2015 provides the National/State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights to monitor the implementation of the Act (Section 109). The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) was constituted in 2007 to ensure the protection of the rights of all children.