Molecular Basis of Inheritance NEET Questions

The molecular basis of inheritance refers to the way genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next through the chemical structure of DNA. DNA is made up of four chemical bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These bases pair up in a specific sequence to form the rungs of a DNA ladder. This sequence of bases determines the genetic code, which is responsible for the inheritance of traits. The process of DNA replication ensures that the genetic information is accurately copied and passed down to the next generation.

Here are some MCQs related to the molecular basis of inheritance for the NEET exam:

1. Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide?

a. Nitrogenous base

b. Phosphate group

c. Ribose sugar

d. Deoxyribose sugar

Answer: d. Deoxyribose sugar

2. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found only in RNA?

1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Uracil
4. Guanine

Answer: c. Uracil

3. The shape of DNA molecule is:

1. linear
2. circular
3. helical
4. none of the above

Answer: c. helical

4. In DNA, which of the following nitrogenous bases pairs with adenine?

1. Thymine
2. Cytosine
3. Guanine
4. Uracil

Answer: a. Thymine

5. The process of DNA replication is semi-conservative because:

1. The two resulting DNA molecules are identical
2. Each resulting DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule
3. The process involves the creation of new DNA strands from scratch
4. None of the above

Answer: b. Each resulting DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule

6. The genetic code is composed of:

1. 2 letters
2. 3 letters
3. 4 letters
4. 5 letters

Answer: b. 3 letters

7. Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?

1. Deletion of a single nucleotide
2. Addition of a single nucleotide
3. Substitution of a single nucleotide
4. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

8. Which of the following is not involved in the process of transcription?

1. RNA polymerase
2. DNA polymerase
3. Promoter region
4. Terminator region

Answer: b. DNA polymerase

9. Which of the following is not a type of RNA?

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
4. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer: d. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

10. Which of the following is the function of tRNA?

1. To carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
2. To transcribe DNA into RNA
3. To carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
4. None of the above

Answer: a. To carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.