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Digestion and absorption are essential processes in the human digestive system. Digestion involves the breakdown of ingested food into smaller, more easily absorbable molecules through mechanical and chemical processes. This occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Absorption refers to the uptake of nutrients, water, and other important substances from the digested food into the bloodstream through the lining of the small intestine. These nutrients are then transported to cells throughout the body to support growth, energy production, and overall functioning.
Here are some MCQs related to Digestion and Absorption for the NEET exam:
1. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
a. Mouth
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
Answer: c. Small intestine
2. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?
a. Amylase
b. Protease
c. Lipase
d. Pepsin
Answer: a. Amylase
3. What is the function of bile in digestion?
a. Emulsify fats
b. Break down proteins
c. Break down carbohydrates
d. None of the above
Answer: a. Emulsify fats
4. Which hormone stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Secretin
d. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Answer: c. Secretin
5. What is the term for the wave-like muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system?
a. Peristalsis
b. Segmentation
c. Churning
d. None of the above
Answer: a. Peristalsis
6. Which of the following is not a component of saliva?
a. Water
b. Amylase
c. Mucus
d. Hydrochloric acid
Answer: d. Hydrochloric acid
7. What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
a. Break down carbohydrates
b. Break down proteins
c. Emulsify fats
d. None of the above
Answer: b. Break down proteins
8. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?
a. Amylase
b. Protease
c. Lipase
d. Pepsin
Answer: d. Pepsin
9. Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?
a. Absorption of water
b. Absorption of nutrients
c. Formation of feces
d. None of the above
Answer: b. Absorption of nutrients
10. What is the term for the semi-solid mixture of food and digestive juices that are formed in the stomach?
a. Chyme
b. Bolus
c. Feces
d. None of the above
Answer: a. Chyme
11. What is the primary function of the enzyme amylase in digestion?
a. Breakdown of proteins
b. Breakdown of carbohydrates
c. Breakdown of fats
d. Absorption of water
Answer: b. Breakdown of carbohydrates
12. Which of the following is not a part of the small intestine?
a. Duodenum
b. Jejunum
c. Ileum
d. Colon
Answer: d. Colon
13. What is the function of bile in digestion?
a. Emulsify fats
b. Neutralize stomach acid
c. Breakdown proteins
d. Stimulate enzyme production
Answer: a. Emulsify fats
14. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
a. Stomach
b. Large intestine
c. Small intestine
d. Esophagus
Answer: c. Small intestine
15. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?
a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. Pepsin
d. Trypsin
Answer: c. Pepsin
16. Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?
a. Pepsinogen
b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Bile
d. Mucus
Answer: c. Bile
17. What is the primary function of the large intestine in digestion?
a. Nutrient absorption
b. Water absorption and feces formation
c. Protein digestion
d. Bile production
Answer: b. Water absorption and feces formation
18. What is the role of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
a. To secrete digestive enzymes
b. To increase surface area for absorption
c. To transport nutrients to the liver
d. To store excess nutrients
Answer: b. To increase surface area for absorption
19. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion that produces insulin?
a. Liver
b. Stomach
c. Pancreas
d. Gallbladder
Answer: c. Pancreas
20. What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
a. Fatty acids
b. Amino acids
c. Glucose
d. Glycerol
Answer: c. Glucose
21. What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?
a. Absorption of nutrients
b. Mechanical digestion of food
c. Production of digestive enzymes
d. Storage of bile
Answer: a. Absorption of nutrients
22. Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth during the process of digestion?
a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. Pepsin
d. Trypsin
Answer: a. Amylase
23. Which of the following is not a part of the digestive system?
a. Liver
b. Gallbladder
c. Lungs
d. Stomach
Answer: c. Lungs
24. Bile is produced by which organ and stored in the gallbladder until needed for digestion?
a. Stomach
b. Liver
c. Pancreas
d. Small intestine
Answer: b. Liver
25. Where does the absorption of most nutrients, including amino acids and fatty acids, primarily occur in the digestive system?
a. Stomach
b. Large intestine
c. Small intestine
d. Esophagus
Answer: c. Small intestine
