Digestion and Absorption NEET MCQ 2024

Digestion and absorption are essential processes in the human digestive system. Digestion involves the breakdown of ingested food into smaller, more easily absorbable molecules through mechanical and chemical processes. This occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Absorption refers to the uptake of nutrients, water, and other important substances from the digested food into the bloodstream through the lining of the small intestine. These nutrients are then transported to cells throughout the body to support growth, energy production, and overall functioning.

Here are some MCQs related to Digestion and Absorption for the NEET exam:

1. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?

a. Mouth

b. Stomach

c. Small intestine

d. Large intestine

Answer: c. Small intestine

2. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

a. Amylase

b. Protease

c. Lipase

d. Pepsin

Answer: a. Amylase

3. What is the function of bile in digestion?

a. Emulsify fats

b. Break down proteins

c. Break down carbohydrates

d. None of the above

Answer: a. Emulsify fats

4. Which hormone stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas?

a. Insulin

b. Glucagon

c. Secretin

d. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer: c. Secretin

5. What is the term for the wave-like muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system?

a. Peristalsis

b. Segmentation

c. Churning

d. None of the above

Answer: a. Peristalsis

6. Which of the following is not a component of saliva?

a. Water

b. Amylase

c. Mucus

d. Hydrochloric acid

Answer: d. Hydrochloric acid

7. What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

a. Break down carbohydrates

b. Break down proteins

c. Emulsify fats

d. None of the above

Answer: b. Break down proteins

8. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?

a. Amylase

b. Protease

c. Lipase

d. Pepsin

Answer: d. Pepsin

9. Which of the following is not a function of the large intestine?

a. Absorption of water

b. Absorption of nutrients

c. Formation of feces

d. None of the above

Answer: b. Absorption of nutrients

10. What is the term for the semi-solid mixture of food and digestive juices that are formed in the stomach?

a. Chyme

b. Bolus

c. Feces

d. None of the above

Answer: a. Chyme

11. What is the primary function of the enzyme amylase in digestion?

a. Breakdown of proteins

b. Breakdown of carbohydrates

c. Breakdown of fats

d. Absorption of water

Answer: b. Breakdown of carbohydrates

12. Which of the following is not a part of the small intestine?

a. Duodenum

b. Jejunum

c. Ileum

d. Colon

Answer: d. Colon

13. What is the function of bile in digestion?

a. Emulsify fats

b. Neutralize stomach acid

c. Breakdown proteins

d. Stimulate enzyme production

Answer: a. Emulsify fats

14. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?

a. Stomach

b. Large intestine

c. Small intestine

d. Esophagus

Answer: c. Small intestine

15. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down proteins in the stomach?

a. Amylase

b. Lipase

c. Pepsin

d. Trypsin

Answer: c. Pepsin

16. Which of the following is not a component of gastric juice?

a. Pepsinogen

b. Hydrochloric acid

c. Bile

d. Mucus

Answer: c. Bile

17. What is the primary function of the large intestine in digestion?

a. Nutrient absorption

b. Water absorption and feces formation

c. Protein digestion

d. Bile production

Answer: b. Water absorption and feces formation

18. What is the role of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

a. To secrete digestive enzymes

b. To increase surface area for absorption

c. To transport nutrients to the liver

d. To store excess nutrients

Answer: b. To increase surface area for absorption

19. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion that produces insulin?

a. Liver

b. Stomach

c. Pancreas

d. Gallbladder

Answer: c. Pancreas

20. What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

a. Fatty acids

b. Amino acids

c. Glucose

d. Glycerol

Answer: c. Glucose

21. What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

a. Absorption of nutrients

b. Mechanical digestion of food

c. Production of digestive enzymes

d. Storage of bile

Answer: a. Absorption of nutrients

22. Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth during the process of digestion?

a. Amylase

b. Lipase

c. Pepsin

d. Trypsin

Answer: a. Amylase

23. Which of the following is not a part of the digestive system?

a. Liver

b. Gallbladder

c. Lungs

d. Stomach

Answer: c. Lungs

24. Bile is produced by which organ and stored in the gallbladder until needed for digestion?

a. Stomach

b. Liver

c. Pancreas

d. Small intestine

Answer: b. Liver

25. Where does the absorption of most nutrients, including amino acids and fatty acids, primarily occur in the digestive system?

a. Stomach

b. Large intestine

c. Small intestine

d. Esophagus

Answer: c. Small intestine