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Uttar Pradesh is the most populous and fourth-largest state in India. It is located in the north-central part of India. Uttar Pradesh is bordered by the state of Uttarakhand and Nepal in the north and Bihar towards the East and Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in the south and Madhya Pradesh to the south and Rajasthan and Haryana as well as the national capital of Delhi in the west. On the 26th of January in 1950, the day India became an independent republic, this state received its current designation, Uttar Pradesh (literally, “Northern State”). The capital city is Lucknow, situated in the west-central portion of the state. It covers an area of 93,933 square miles (243,286 square kilometres). Population (2011) 199,581,477 with different culture changes.
History of Uttar Pradesh
Of the 16 mahajanapadas (“great realms”) or oligarchic states that existed in early India, seven of them fell within the present-day borders that comprise Uttar Pradesh. The Kingdom of Kosala, during the Mahajanapada era, was situated within the boundaries of the region of present-day Uttar Pradesh. According to Hinduism, it is believed that the divine God of King Rama from the Ramayana epic ruled in Ayodhya in the capital city of Kosala. [2626 Krishna is another godlike king of Hindu legend, who has an essential part within the Mahabharata epic and is regarded by Hindus as the eighth reincarnation (Avatar) from God of the Hindu god Vishnu and is believed to be born in Mathura, the capital city. Mathura within Uttar Pradesh.
The Economy of Uttar Pradesh
Agriculture
Agriculture is the primary source of the economy of the state. The principal crop is wheat, rice as well as sugarcane. In the last decade when the introduction of wide yielding varieties of rice and wheat, the increased availability of fertilisers, and an increase in irrigation, the state has been the largest producer of grain for food in the country.
Resources and Power
Silica limestone coal is plentifully available throughout Uttar Pradesh. There are also small deposits of gypsum and magnesite, Bauxite, phosphorite, and. The federal government has supported mining coal in the southeastern region in the vicinity of Mirzapur.
Tourism
Tourism within the State has increasing importance to the economy. Many tourists visit Hindu centres like Varanasi, Prayagraj, Ayodhya and the Mathura Vrindavan area; Buddhist centres such as Sarnath, Kasia (site of Kushinagara) the Buddha passed away) and Shravasti and many other historic destinations like Agra, Lucknow, and Kannauj.
Urbanisation in Uttar Pradesh
Urbanisation refers to the change from a rural to an urban one, which increases the number of people living in urban areas in a given year. UrbanisationUrbanisation measures the transition from rural economics to a modern industrial one. Urbanisation is the gradual increase of the urban population (Davis 1965). Urbanisation can occur due to an expansion of the boundaries of an urban zone or a reclassification of the area as urban-based on predefined guidelines. Urban population growth could occur due to the subsequent increase in the population of an urban area due to the two above reasons or a natural expansion and net migration. Over the past few years, the scale and patterns of urbanisation of Eastern Uttar Pradesh were transformed rapidly and continuously. As with different regions of the country, the increase of urban populations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh was much more rapid than the population expansion in rural regions. The rate of growth seen in some urban regions did not only occur within their legal borders but has led to a spread of people into their peripheral areas. This is due to two reasons: firstly, the abundance of employment opportunities, which attracted migrants from rural areas to settle in the peripheral areas and, secondly, the shift of population away from the heavy city central centres to settle on the outer edges within their city boundaries.
Backward Districts in Uttar Pradesh
Backward regions refer to economically, socially, industrially and educationally undeveloped or under-developed zones, including the hills declared by the relevant government in section 3.
The districts include Almora, Azamgarh, Baharaich, Ballia, Banda, Bara Banki, Basti, Budaun, Bulandshahr, Chamoli, Deoria, Etah, Etawah, Faizabad, Farrukhabad, Fatehpur, Garhwal, Ghazipur, Gonda, Hamirpur, Hardoi, Jalaun, Jaunpur; Jhansi Mainpuri, Mathura, Moradabad, Pilibhit, Pithoragarh, Pratapgarh are considered backward districts in UP.
Conclusion
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India as an urbanisation state, too, with an estimated population of 200 million. Uttar Pradesh shares its borders with Nepal in the north as well as borders the Indian States that comprise Uttarakhand as well as Himachal Pradesh in the northwest, Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan in the west, Madhya Pradesh in the south, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand in the southeast and Bihar in the east. Uttar Pradesh is a favoured tourist destination in India and is home to the Taj Mahal, one of the eight Wonders of the World, situated in Agra. In 2019, tourists visiting the state topped 535.8 million. International tourist arrivals surpassed 4.74 million. Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of food grains in India and was responsible for 17.83 per cent of the total Indian production of food grains in 2016-17.
