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The founder of tughlaq dynasty was Ghazi Malik, who claimed the title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. Following Alauddin Khalji’s demise from sickness in 1316AD, a sequence of prosecutions and murders ensued, culminating in Khusro Khan’s ascension to rule after the slaying of Mubarak Khalji, Alauddin Khalji’s son. Ghazi Malik invaded the country in 1320AD, killing Khusro Khan and assuming power. As a result, the Khalji empire was deposed and succeeded by the Tughlaq dynasty. Ghiayasuddin Tughlaq restored peace to the realm with his ability, knowledge, and foresight. He was a smart and generous king. He reinstated Alauddin Khalji’s food rule, put down the insurrection in the unfriendly regions, and reverted to concord, legality, and control. His well-defined goal demonstrated the Postal Administration and supported agriculture. However, after his suspicious death in 1325AD, his son, Jauna Khan, replaced him as Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. Now, we the founder of tughlaq dynasty, let’s learn more about this dynasty.
Tughlaq Dynasty Rulers
The tughlaq dynasty rulers are mentioned below:
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ( 1320 – 1325 )
The founder of tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyasuddin and he was regarded as ‘Tughlaq Shah’ and ‘Ghazi Malik.’ During the reign of Alauddin Khilji, he was key to driving away the Mongols. He then became the administrator of Dipalpur (Punjab). Finally, he deposed Khusrau Khan, the Khilji empire’s last monarch, and ascended to the crown of the Delhi Sultanate.
Administrative reforms
Ghiyasuddin was a capable ruler as well as a skilled gladiator. In several ways, he liberalised the bureaucracy. Alauddin Khilji had taken away the properties of those robbed of them by him. Property tax was also cut in half to one-third of the total.
Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq (1325 – 1351)
Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq was the title given to Ulugh Khan after his father’s death. He was in power for twenty-six years. During this time, he conducted several new and novel research and observed their effects. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq has elicited more opposition and discourse about his policies and personality than any other monarch in medieval India.
Muhammad-Bin-Tughlaq was among the era’s most notable kings. A detailed examination of his personality reveals that he would be a blend of contrasts. He was a brilliant Persian and Arabic scholar well-versed in astronomy, philosophy, mathematics, medicine, logic, and other fields of study. He was a rationalist when it came to religion and philosophy. Despite these remarkable abilities and knowledge, Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was a disappointment as a leader.
Revenue in Doab: The hike in taxes was made to pay for the damage incurred by Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s policies. He increased the frequency of Khara (land tax) to 50% because Doab was the most productive district, but peasants were unable to pay such heavy taxes due to the constant starvation. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq also pushed agriculture by founding the Diwan-i-Kohi division.
In times of need, he also granted Taquabi and Sondhar mortgages to the farmers. Thus, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was one of the most eccentric princes of the Delhi Sultanate, who instituted a slew of novel reforms, the majority of which failed miserably. Despite numerous setbacks, he presided over the empire’s greatest region, which included nearly 23 provinces. As a result, he is unquestionably one of the great rulers of the Delhi Sultanate.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351 – 1388)
Because Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had no successors, he was superseded by his relative Firoz Tughlaq. He was regarded as the Tuglaq empire’s last outstanding emperor. Firoz was named representative to the Lord Chamberlain with the rank of Naib Barbak at an early age. Malik-i-Maqbul was named Party Leader and elevated to the status of Khan-i-Jahan. Malik Maqbul was a Warangal Brahman who had converted to Islam. He was a capable leader, and his nomination as Party Leader served the management well. After Firoz’s death, the Tughlaq dynasty was not able to survive. The malwa sharqi kingdom was broken from the sultanate.
The decline of the Tughlaq dynasty
Tughlaq Shah, Firoz Tughlaq’s grandson, superseded him as Ghiasuddin Tughlaq II. The emperor was executed on February 19, 1389, just a year after his succession due to the conspiracies. Three Muslim rulers assumed power Abu Bakr, Muhammad Shah, and Alauddin Sikander Shah, in the next five years. Nasiruddin Muhammad was the final Sultan. During his tenure, northern India was ravaged by Amir Timur and his invading forces, whom Nick dubbed Timur-i-lang.
Conclusion
The Tughlaq Dynasty aided in integrating the world’s greatest great traditions, resulting in the Delhi Sultanate being an era of tremendous religious and cultural. The founder of tughlaq dynasty was Ghiyasuddin also known as Ghazi Malik. The Tughlaq dynasty’s steady fall resulted in tensions and disagreements between both the Muslim nobles and Hindu headmen seeking authority from the Muslims. With Timur’s assault, practically everything else in the Delhi Sultanate was destroyed, including buildings and homes, leading to a harrowing ordeal for those who survived.
