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The term “urbanisation” refers to the increase in the number of people living in cities. As a result of the global change, it mostly leads to the expansion of metropolitan areas, whether horizontal or vertical. ‘Movement of people from rural to urban regions with population increase equivalent to urban migration’ is another definition of urbanisation (United Nations, 2005). Even the character of urban areas differs. This can be recognized based on demographic features and infrastructural availability. According to the Census of India 2011, an urban area is defined as “places with a minimum population of 5000 people, at least 75% of the male major working population involved in non-agricultural activities, and a population density of 400 people per square kilometre.”
Maharashtra: Large Urban Agglomeration as per Census 2011
Maharashtra remains to be one of India’s most rapidly expanding states. It is India’s second most populated and third-biggest state by area, after Uttar Pradesh. & India’s Hill Regions
According to the Census of India 2011, Maharashtra’s population was 11.2 crores, or 9.3% of India’s overall population, giving it the country’s second most populated state. Rural regions account for 54.77 percent of the population, while urban areas account for 45.23 percent. The proportion of people living in cities climbed from 42.4 percent in 2001 to 45.2 percent in 2011. Even though urban population growth outpaces rural population increase, the rural-urban divide is narrowing. Rural growth slowed from 15.25 percent in 1991 to 10.34 percent in 2001-2011, while urban growth slowed from 34.57 percent to 23.67 percent. The number of towns and villages in Maharashtra is also increasing. Maharashtra has 35 districts, 355 tehsils, and 534 towns, according to the 2011 census.
Gadchiroli and Sindhudurg districts have less than 15% of their population living in urban areas, whereas Mumbai and Mumbai (suburban) have 100% of their population living in urban regions. Greater Mumbai Urban Agglomeration (UA) has 18.41 million people, making it the country’s largest Urban Agglomeration (UA). Greater Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Nashik, Vasai Virar city, and Aurangabad are the six Urban Agglomeration (UA)/cities in Maharashtra with populations of one million or more. People from all across India have flocked to Maharashtra overall and Mumbai specifically to seek a better life.
Census of India 2011
During the 2011 Indian Population Census, the government examined various variables. These variables include population, population growth rate, literacy rate, population density, sex ratio, and child sex percentage (0-6 years). According to the Indian Census 2011, India’s population is 1,210,854,977 people, with 623, 724, 248 men and 586,469, 174 women. The country’s overall literacy rate is at 74.04 percent. The population density is 382 people per square kilometre. In terms of sex ratios, there are now 940 females for 1000 men on average, with 914 females per 1000 males for children.
The Indian Census is conducted to acquire data from the grassroots, which is necessary to establish various welfare programs such as Yearly Programs, 5 Year Plans, and other programs throughout the nation for the benefit of the commoner. The House listing & Census Of population and housing offers detailed information on the state of human settlements, housing shortfalls, and other housing requirements that should be considered when designing housing welfare programs.
Number of UAs/Towns and Out Growths (OGs)
An urban agglomeration is a continuous urban expansion that consists of a town and its Number of UAs/Towns and Out Growths (OGs), or two or more practically continuous towns, with or without outgrowths. An Urban Agglomeration must have at least one statutory town (all locations have a municipality, corporation, cantonment board, notified town area council, etc.). According to the last Census, its overall population must not be fewer than 20,000 people.
An Out Growth (OG) is a functional entity, such as a village or hamlet, or an identification district formed by a village or hamlet with well-defined boundaries and location. Railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, and military installations are just a few examples.
When defining the outgrowth of a town, it is guaranteed that it has urban features such as pucca roads, electricity, taps, drainage systems for wastewater disposal, academic facilities, post offices, healthcare centres, banks, and other amenities, as well as being physically contiguous with the Number of UAs/Towns and Out Growths (OGs).
Along with its outgrowths, each of these towns is considered an integrated urban region and is referred to as an “urban agglomeration.”
In the 2011 Census, 475 localities were categorised as Urban Agglomerations, with 981 OGs, compared to 384 UAs with 962 OGs in the 2001 Census.
Conclusion
Maharashtra’s population has grown at a greater rate than India’s overall population during the previous three decades. Maharashtra’s urban population grew after independence as well. Maharashtra’s urban population increased from 30.54 million in 1991 to 50.83 million in 2011. For economic reasons, most people relocated to metropolitan regions, and urban areas draw individuals from rural areas. According to the Census of India 2011, Maharashtra’s urban population was 45.23 percent. Maharashtra’s urbanisation is quite uneven. Western Maharashtra is more urbanised than the state’s furthest reaches of Vidarbha and Marathwada, which have the least urbanisation. Due to fast Urban Agglomeration (UA), Mumbai, Thane, Pune, and Nagpur are the most urbanised cities in Maharashtra.
