Key Notes On Summary On The Settlements And Urbanisation In India

Human Settlement is a type of human settlement that extends from one place to another in a large city. In other words, it is a process of opening up and settling in a previously uninhabited environment. People live in clusters of houses that may be villages or towns. Here, this article provides a ‘Summary of Residential and Urban Development in India’.

Urban migration refers to the shift of people from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decline in the number of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which the communities adapt to this change.

Causes of Urban Migration:

Natural Population Growth: Occurs when births exceed the mortality rate.

Relocation from rural to urban areas: Driven by factors that draw people to urban areas) and oppressive factors (which drive people away from rural areas). 

Employment opportunities, educational institutions and an urban lifestyle are the main attractions.

Poor living conditions, lack of educational and economic opportunities and poor health care facilities are the main causes.

Global Urbanisation: The most urban regions include North America (with 82% of its population living in urban areas (since 2018)), Latin America and the Caribbean (81%), Europe (74%) and Oceania (68%).

The migration rate in Asian cities is now almost 50%.

Africa remains the most populous, with 43% of its population living in cities.

Summary of Accommodation and Urban Migration in India

1. The types of dwellings are determined by the size of the built-up area and the distance between the houses. In India, the settlements are broadly divided into two main rural suburbs and the urban settlements.

2. India’s rural settlements can be broadly classified as composite, clustered or nucleated, semi-clustered or separate, capped and scattered or separated.

3. Combined habitats are usually found in the fertile alluvial plains and the North-Eastern regions.

4. Combined settlements are found mainly in Ganga-Yamuna doabs, plains of Khadar, etc.

5. India’s scattered settlement or pattern of isolated areas comes from remote forests or small hills with farms or pastures on slopes.

6. Census of India 2011 defines urban areas as official cities and census cities. The legally established towns are all areas with a municipality, company, and town council or notified by the city committee, etc.

7. Census towns are areas with a small population of 5000, at least 75% of the large working males who do non-agricultural activities and a population density of at least 400 sq. M.

8. Integration is a continuous urban expansion that includes the city and its associated outlying areas, and the merger must have at least one official city with a population of not less than 20,000, according to the 2001 census. Ex. Greater Mumbai UA, Delhi UA, etc.

9. In India, urban areas with a population of more than 1,00,000 are classified as category I cities or cities in principle, and these are 468 in number and make up 70% of the total urban population. The population of 50,000 to 99,999 is classified as a class II. The population of between 20,000 and 49,999 is classified as class. The population of 10,000 to 19999 is classified as class IV. The population of 5,000 to 9,999 people is called class-V and population. -VI cities.

10. Cities with one million or more people are known as one million cities, and 53 account for 42.6% of the population. Cities with a population of over 10 million are called major cities and only 3, Greater Mumbai, Delhi UA and Kolkata UA.

11. Of the 121 crore people, India has more than 833 million rural people (68.84%) and more than 377 million urban people (31.16%). In the last ten years of 2010-11, the urban population has increased significantly (91m) than in rural areas (90.4m).

12. The largest urban population dwells in Maharashtra-50.8 million (13.5%), followed by Uttar Pradesh, 44.4 million (11.8%) and Tamil Nadu, 34.9 million (9.3%). Goa and Mizoram are the country’s provinces, located in cities rather than rural areas.

Urban Agglomeration

Urban agglomeration is a highly developed spatial form of integrated cities. It occurs when the relationships among cities shift from mainly competition to both competition and cooperation. Cities are highly integrated within an urban agglomeration, which renders the urban agglomeration one of the most important carriers for global economic development.

Conclusion

As the world grows in cities, sustainable development depends heavily on the effective management of urban growth, especially in low- and low-income countries where the pace of urbanisation seems to be accelerating. Urban population increased more in the past years. Integrated policies to improve the lives of both urban and rural communities are needed while strengthening communication between urban and rural areas, building on their existing economic, social and environmental obligations.

New ways of town planning and effective management are a matter of time. Steps must be taken to build a sustainable, strong and inclusive infrastructure. Instead of going from the top, the bottom line will be taken to understand better the different challenges facing the urban poor.