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For every major language that is spoken in Jharkhand, a connecting link can be found with the well-known Indo-Aryan language. In this context, it can be said that the languages spoken in Jharkhand have mostly descended from 3 main dialect families. The core languages that are spoken in Jharkhand involve Urdu, Nagpuri, Bhojpuri, Angika, Khortha, Oriya, Bengali, Sadri, and Magahi. These Jharkhand languages are very easy to master. With little practice, anyone can speak these Jharkhand languages with absolute fluency. The different Jharkhand languages such as Bengali, Hindi, Oriya, and Sadri are linked closely. However, in this article, some commonly spoken languages in Jharkhand will be broadly discussed. These commonly spoken languages include Khortha, Magahi, and Bhojpuri.
Khortha Language
The Language of Khortha is alternatively also called Eastern Magahi. It can be defined as a language that is commonly spoken in Jharkhand, a well-known state in India. More specifically it is spoken in around 16 districts spread across two divisions. The two divisions in which the language is mostly spoken include Santhal Pargana and North Chotanagpur. In extra detail, the 13 districts across which Khortha or eastern Magahi language is mostly spoken include Ramgarh, Giridih, Hazaribagh, Bokaro, Koderma, Dhanbad, Deoghar, Chatra, Dumka, Godda, Sahebganj, Jamatra, and Pakur. It can be observed that in addition to Sadaans, the Khortha language is also spoken by the Adivasis in the form of a link language. Khortha can be easily regarded as the language that is mostly spoken throughout Jharkhand.
If deeper research is done, it can be seen that Khortha is essentially a language mostly spoken by tribes. The Khortha language is also seen to be a linking language. Whenever the speakers of Khortha come in contact with other communities’ features, they show multilingualism features. A careful and minute observation of the Khortha language will show that many other languages have influenced this language. The different languages such as Gulgulia, Maithili, Bengali, Hindi, and Magahi have mostly influenced the language of Khortha. In this context, the Magahi language will be discussed in the following.
Magahi Language
While discussing the languages that are spoken, Jharkhand Magahi must be mentioned. Apart from Jharkhand, the Magahi language is also spoken in West Bengal, Bihar, and some other states of western India. Further, this language is also spoken in the Terai region of Nepal. The language has a very old and rich tradition of folk songs. The language of Magahi is spoken in around eight districts throughout Jharkhand. These districts include Hazaribagh, Chatra, Palamu, Koderma, Bokaro, Jamatra, Giridih, and Dhanbad. Around 20,700,000 speakers of Magahi can be found which also involves speakers of Khortha as it is essentially a Magahi dialect.
The Magahi language has descended from the Magadhi Prakrit language. This Magadhi Prakrit language was created in the ancient Magadha kingdom. The core area from where it originated in the Ganges as well as the eastern Son river. Through careful analysis, it has been deduced that there are around 12.6 speakers of Magahi in India. However, it is not recognized constitutionally in India. Hindi is the official language that is used in Bihar for official and educational matters. The Magahi language was absorbed legally within Hindi in the Census of 1961.
Bhojpuri Language
While discussing the different Jharkhand languages, the Bhojpuri language is also important. In Jharkhand, the Bhojpuri language is spoken in the northwestern region. However, it is also spoken in eastern Uttar Pradesh, Western Bihar, and so on. Bhojpuri is considered one of the seven main dialects of Hindi. The language is considered to be a minority language in South Africa, Guyana, Suriname, Mauritius, Tobago, and Trinidad. The word Bhojpuri is essentially derived from the word Bhojpuri. Like Magahi, Bhojpuri has also descended from Magahi Prakrit. This language started taking shape during the rule of the Vardhana dynasty. The earliest Bhojpuri form can be traced back to Charyapada and Siddha Sahitya.
Conclusion
Throughout the article different core aspects of Jharkhand, and languages have been analysed. Knowledge about Jharkhand languages is very important in the subject of General Knowledge. It has been observed that the main language that is spoken throughout Jharkhand is Khortha. This language is also known as the eastern Magahi language. Apart from this several other languages such as Magahi and Bhojpuri are also spoken in different parts of Jharkhand.
