Information Technology

The world has become fast-paced, and data powers worldwide. Computing has penetrated into every part of services. The devices like laptops, mobiles, tablets, computers, etc., have the ability to interconnect with billions of other virtual devices across the globe. Information technology is the most influential system that allows accurate, memory and high-speed access to any solution, which has left an impression on modern civilisation.

Information technology

Information technology is the application of computers to collect, store, modify, retrieve and manipulate any information. It is used in day-to-day life at home, schools, universities and businesses. The utilisation of technology to figure out large scale industries and administrative issues. The main features of information technology are

• Higher-order thinking related to computer programs
• Fast processing of data and information
• Use of mathematical and statistical models for decision making.

Types of Information Technology

Any organisation needs the main types of information system to collect, process, create and distribute data.

1. Management Information system- MIS is the management level system that allows middle managers of an organisation to evaluate the performance of the firm by comparing the previous and recent outputs using highly structured information. It utilises routine algorithms.
2. Operation Support Systems- The operation level system obtains the key data to support the management of operations. It facilitates business transactions, controls production, and supports internal and external communication using automated or semi-automated tracking.
3. Decision Support System (DSS)- It is a type of information technology that uses a knowledge-based system that employs the creation of knowledge and allows its integration into the organisation. It helps the managers analyse the structured information and find out the potential effects of decisions.
4. Process control system- The data input fed to the system enables process control on a real-time basis.
5. Executive Information System- It is a strategic level system, and the information comes from internal and external sources. This system is weakly structured and helps the senior managers and executives to analyse the environment of the organisation.

Role of Information Technology 

• Data Management- No paperwork and manual labour are required; all the data are now digitised for easy access and references. The data, once collected, is stored in the database and shared using a decentralised computing system. The employees in the organisation can send queries to the database and retrieve data. This saves time and improves decision making.

• Communication- The basic communication method is ’email’ that is found between the employees, customers, partners and suppliers. Communication methods have become easier using video calls like skype and conference calls between many people anywhere, anytime, using laptops or smartphones.

• Role in Student’s life- Nowadays, students can easily get access to the study material required for their studies. Library mobile apps can help students to get eBooks or library books on their mobile phones. Online education has unlocked many opportunities for students to study and work from anywhere, leading to the development of education and career fields.

• In Banking- Remote banking, access to credit and smart cards have enabled the customers to make money or business transactions from anywhere. The mobile banking service provides customers access to the financial status of their bank accounts and bank statements without going to physical banks.

Example of Information Technology

1. Telephone and radio equipment are used for voice communications.

1. Data storage and programs to input, process and output the data use traditional computer applications.

1. Word processing and spreadsheets are the software and support for office automation systems.
2. Communications equipment such as servers, bridges, routers, hubs & wiring is all associated with data networks.
3. Collection of data or transmission of audio, video or graphic information, such as scanners and digitisers, are peripherals directly connected to computer information systems.

1. Voice response systems that interact with a computer database or application.

1. User, PCs & software and Video conferencing equipment.

1. The teachers, trainers and students use computers and network systems for educational purposes like training, study materials, etc.

Conclusion–

Information technology is a field that has made a great impact on the progress of various service sectors, businesses, schools, etc. It helps the government, businesses and individuals to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the data processed. Innovative technological solutions have played an important role in the development of the social and economic health of society.

Information technology mainly focuses on technology skills, specialised information, and logic-based decision making. Moreover, information technology has impacted more areas like agriculture, the media and entertainment industry, society workplace, etc.