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The capital of West Bengal, a state in eastern India, is Kolkata. It is bordered on the north by Sikkim and Bhutan, on the west by Assam, Bangladesh, the Bay of Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, and Bihar, and on the northwest by Nepal. The boundary is completed by the Bay of Bengal, which borders it south.
West Bengal is an oddly-shaped state with a length varying from 200 miles (320 kilometres) to less than 10 miles (16 kilometres) at one point. Its 1,350-mile border with Bangladesh does not diminish its strategic importance. West Bengal is one of India’s most populated states despite its small size. The city’s capital is Kolkata (Calcutta). A 34,267-square-kilometre area (88,752 square km).
Climate
West Bengal has tropical wet-dry and humid subtropical climates. West Bengal has seasonal changes in rainfall. In August, Kolkata receives an average of 13 inches (330 mm) of rain, compared to less than 1 inch in December (25 mm). Furthermore, the situation varies greatly from year to year. Rainfall in the sub-Himalayan region is higher than in the rest of the nation.
The hot and dry season (March to early June), the hot and rainy season (mid-June to September), and the cold (cold) season (October to February) are the three separate seasons, each characterised by dry and clear days and steady meteorological conditions. These three separate seasons split the year into three distinct stages. Kolkata has a wide variety of high temperatures, with temperatures reaching above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) in the spring and summer months. To sum up, West Bengal’s weather is very pleasant.
People
Rural regions make up the bulk of West Bengal’s population. Greater Kolkata and its surroundings are home to more than half of the urban population. More than three-quarters of Indians practice Hinduism, making it the country’s most popular religion. There are still a large number of Muslims in the country. There is a sizable proportion of residents who practice religions other than Islam.
The Constitutional Framework
As with all other Indian states, West Bengal’s government is structured following the national constitution of 1950. The president of India names India’s governor as the country’s head of state. The elected Council of Ministers, headed by a chief minister, assists and advises the governor. It doesn’t matter who is appointed chief minister; the other ministries are decided by a vote of confidence in the chief minister’s leadership. The Legislative Assembly, the state’s unicameral legislature, holds the Council of Ministers jointly responsible for its actions (Vidhan Sabha). Under the constitution, the president of India nominates the chief justice and justices of the High Court. All of the other judges are appointed by the governor.
The state is divided into a slew of bureaus. For district magistrates and city executives, Kolkata only has one collector. Sub Divisional officers are responsible for supervising the districts under their jurisdiction. There is a wide range in the size of police jurisdiction units, depending on the population. The bulk of them have a few mawzas in them (villages).
Panchayats were created in rural areas to develop local self-government. According to the West Bengal Panchayat Act of 1956, panchayats in West Bengal are in charge of sanitary and environmental services, local police oversight, and the expansion of small companies. Thousands of village panchayats, hundreds of intermediate-level panchayats, and more than a dozen district-level panchayats make up the rural region’s three-tiered panchayat system. People want to be well and happy, two of the most important things.
Medical facilities include hospitals, clinics, health centres, and dispensaries. Family planning services are available in district bureaus, as well as in urban and rural centres. Health, employment, safety, and maternity benefits are included in a state insurance plan for industrial employees. Orphans, the disabled, and the impoverished may all benefit from the services offered by a social welfare directorate. The Ramakrishna Mission, established in 1897 by Hindu reformer and teacher Swami Vivekananda, and the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, established in 1979 by Nobel Peace Prize winner Mother Teresa, are two of the most prominent private agencies that supplement the government’s social-welfare initiatives.
Indian law dictates that elections be conducted in the Indian state of West Bengal. The state legislature governs local West Bengal elections in West Bengal. Still, any changes to those laws must be authorised by the Indian Parliament before affecting them. Under the Indian Constitution’s Article 356, Parliament may also dissolve state legislatures and impose the presidency.
Conclusion:-
West Bengal has a wide variety of species found in the area’s forests, which cover more than a tenth of the state’s total land area. There are many reeds and tall grasses in the Sub-Himalayan forests, dominated by sal and shisha (Indian rosewood) (Dalbergia sissoo). As one ascends into the Himalayas, the flora shifts to coniferous belts. There are mangrove forests on the west coast of the Sundarbans, which border the Hugli delta. In addition to the Bangladesh sector, UNESCO has classified a large portion of the territory bordering Bangladesh and the Bay of Bengal as a national park and a World Heritage site (designated 1987).
