Climate and Soil Profile of Bihar

Bihar is an Indian state located in eastern India. Its capital is Patna. It is the world’s third-largest state in terms of people and the twelfth-largest in terms of physical area, with a total land area of 94,163 square kilometres. It is a landlocked state that borders the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. It is surrounded by water on three sides. It is bounded by Nepal on the north, Uttar Pradesh on the west, Jharkhand on the south, and West Bengal on the west. Bihar is the most significant state in India. According to the United Nations, the climate of Bihar is the world’s fourth most populous sub-national entity. Bihar is a landlocked state in the temperate zone’s subtropical region, surrounded by water. 

The climate of Bihar may be summarised as follows.

Bihar is completely included inside the temperate zone’s subtropical zone, characterised by a humid subtropical climate in Bihar. The climate of Bihar, which is sometimes described as subtropical, is characterised by sweltering summers and frigid winters. The average daily maximum temperature in Bihar is 26°C, with an annual average of 26°C. Despite the moderate temperature, only a few tropical and humid months occur each year. For several months, temperatures are regularly above 25°C, with temperatures occasionally exceeding 29°C. October through April are the best months to travel due to rain’s absence. However, between May and September, the bulk of rainy days occur.

Bihar Climate change is a result of the Continental Monsoon

• The northern part of the country is cooler than the southern half.
• The eastern half of the country receives 200 centimetres of rain, while the western receives just 100 centimetres.
• April is the driest month of the year.
• The temperature drops in the country’s eastern half due to North-Western showers.
• A North-Western is a tropical cyclonic thunderstorm that is especially helpful to maturing crops before harvest.
• May is the hottest month in Gaya, while January is the coldest.

This is how Bihar Climate changed due to the continental monsoon.

Bihar’s soils exhibit the following characteristics.

• Due to the region’s high organic matter concentration, the Piedmont Swamp Soil-West-Champaran region is suitable for rice cultivation.
• Terai soil is situated in the northern region of Nepal, between Champaran and Kishanganj, and is suitable for sugarcane and jute agriculture.
• Bhangar’s loamy, sticky, and lime-rich texture distinguishes it as an older alluvial soil excellent for paddy and sugarcane production. Patna and Gaya are two cities in India.
• Khardar soil is a younger alluvial soil with a high nitrogen content ideal for rice and wheat growth. Purina, Saharsa, and Darbhanga are all cities in the Indian state of Bihar known for their textile production.
• From Rohtas to Bhagalpur, the Karail-Kewal soil is characterised by dense clay, an alkaline pH, and a brown to yellow colour.
• Tal soils situated between Buxar and Banka have poor drainage, are grey, and yield a considerable amount of grain.
• Balthar soil, which runs from the Kaimur to the Rajmahal hills and is iron-rich with a reddish-yellow hue, is located in the transition zone between the Chota Nagpur plateau and the Ganga plain. Additionally, it is less productive than other soil types.
• Bal Sundari, Saharsa, and Champaran are alkaline crops, including maize and tobacco.

Natural resources are those that occur naturally on the earth.

Bihar is mainly composed of a vast swath of exceptional land which is fertile and flat that reaches hundreds of kilometres. The Ganges River drains there, which flows into other rivers via tributaries. It is situated in the northern part of India. The Ganges River divides the plain of Bihar into two parts, which are unequal as it flows from the direction west to the east across the state’s central region. The Son, Chandan, Budhi Gandak, Phalgu, and Orhani rivers contribute to the Ganges River’s flow. Despite its origins in the Nepalese foothills, the Himalayas have a significant influence on the state of Bihar in terms of climate, landforms, culture, and hydrology. For instance, the Rajgir hills are a collection of tiny hills located in the central area. The Himalayan Range, located in the northern part of Bihar in Nepal, is awe-inspiring. A few hundred kilometres to the south, there is the Chota Nagpur plateau. This plateau was initially part of Bihar before becoming a separate state known as Jharkhand in 2000.

Forêt is a French word that translates approximately as “forest.”

Additional information is available on the climate of Bihar’s protected areas.

Bihar has designated forests covering an overall area of 6,764.14 km2 or 7.1 percent of the state’s total land area. Another belt of the moist deciduous forest is located in the sub-Himalayan foothills of the Someshwar and the Dun ranges in Uttarakhand’s Champaran district. Among the other types of vegetation are shrubs, reeds and grass. In the ideal regions, rainfall surpasses 1,600 mm per year, fostering the formation of lush Sal Forest. Summer’s heat and aridity create an ideal environment for deciduous trees to flourish. The most notable trees are Shorea Robusta (Sal), Cedrela Toona, Shisham, Semal, and Khair, all indigenous to Africa. This forest type is also present in the districts of Purnia and Saharsa. 

Flooding is a natural calamity.

Bihar is India’s most flood-prone state, with 76 percent of the state’s population living under constant fear of flood devastation in the state’s northern half. According to historical figures, the climate of Bihar accounts for 16.5 per cent of India’s total flood-affected land and 22.1 per cent of the country’s flood-affected population. [25] FLOODING impacts an area of roughly 68,800 square kilometres (26,600 square miles) or 73.06 per cent of the overall geographical area of 94,560 square kilometres (36,360 square miles). Each year, the climate in Bihar floods claim hundreds of lives and cause millions of dollars in damage, not to mention the loss of animals and property valued in the millions.

Conclusion

Winters in the climate of Bihar are moderate, with temperatures averaging between 0 and 10 degrees Celsius (33- and 50-degrees Fahrenheit). December and January are considered to be winter months. Summers are pretty hot, with average highs of 35 to 45 degrees Celsius (95- and 105-degrees Fahrenheit). April through mid-June is the hottest time of year. June, July, August, and September, dubbed monsoon months, receive the highest rainfall. October, November, February, and March have pleasant and mild temperatures.