A Short Note on Jharkhand

Its name, Jharkhand, is made up of two words: “Jhar” (forest) and “Khand” (land). Because of this, the state of Jharkhand is also known as the land of forests. Located in the northeastern corner of India, it is a state of India. As a result, West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha form the state’s outside boundaries. Uttar Pradesh is in the northwest. Ranchi is the capital of the state of Jharkhand, while Dumka is its sub-capital. This state has an area of 79,716 square kilometres, ranking it 15th in terms of size. 

Jharkhand is considered one of the newest states of India, and it was in 2000 that this state was carved out of the southern portion of Bihar. The state is popular for hosting beautiful waterfalls, hills, and holy places, including Dewri, Baidyanath, Rajrappa, and other major religious sites. 

Land of Jharkhand

The state of Jharkhand has an area of approximately 7,970,000 square miles. Jharkhand’s Chota Nagpur plateau is the state’s most noticeable feature. The huge Deccan plateau, which encompasses nearly the whole peninsula of India, is where this region is located. In addition to the Barakar, Sankh, Damodar, North Koel, and Subarnarekha rivers, the Chota Nagpur Plateau is crossed by several more. This state still has a large population of elephants and tigers, which may be easily found in the state’s forests. Numerous mountains and hills may be found in Jharkhand, such as the Rajmahal Hills and the Trikut and Tagore Hills.

Flora and Fauna in Jharkhand

Jharkhand is now home to a wide diversity of flora and wildlife because of the fact that one-fourth of the state is covered in forest. The many species found in our country’s national parks and zoos may be seen in their natural habitats. Bengal tigers, bears, elephants, and leopards all call the Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary home. In addition, the state is home to a wide variety of birds, fish, animals, and reptiles.

The natural vegetation in the deciduous forest is rich in sal (Shorea robusta), asan (Terminalia tomentosa, Mahuna (Madhuca longifolia), bamboo, bhabar (Ischaemum angustifolium), banyan (Ficus benghalensis), and many more trees and plants.

Capital of Jharkhand

Ranchi is the Jharkhand capital. It is believed that Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, the purpose of which was to form a separate state for the tribal areas of northern Orissa, South Bihar, western West Bengal, and eastern Chhattisgarh. It is one of the oldest cities in Jharkhand, having an area of around 175.12 km2. Jagannath Temple and Ratu Palace are two significant sights that witnessed the city’s history. The population in the Jharkhand capital is reported to be around 1,073,427.

Population Composition

It has been reported that the population in Jharkhand is about 32,988,134. Around two-fifths of Jharkhand the population comprises various indigenous people categorised as Scheduled Tribes and scheduled Castes. The majority of the total tribal population includes some principal indigenous groups, and these are Munda, Ho, Santhal, Kharia, and Oraon. The other three-fifths of the Jharkhand population consists of the non-scheduled people (Hindus, Christians, and Muslims) having a higher status in Indian society.

Government of Jharkhand 

The structure of the government of Jharkhand is determined by the Indian constitution of 1950. The governor of this state is appointed by the president of India. It is the governor who is considered the head of the state and functions on the advice of the state’s chief minister, who is further appointed as the head of the Council of Ministers. Jharkhand has a bicameral legislature, the legislative council is the upper house, and the legislative Assembly is the lower house.

Jharkhand is further divided into several districts, and each of them is regulated by a deputy commissioner who also works as the district collector and magistrate. Districts are further classified into subdivisions which are administered by a sub divisional officer.

The high court of Jharkhand is in Ranchi with a chief justice and other judges. Districts courts, sub divisional courts, munsifs’ courts, and village courts are constituted below the high court.

Economy of Jharkhand

The government of Jharkhand has pursued an active course of economic planning and development since the achievement of statehood at the start of the 21st century. The prioritised sectors of the Jharkhand’s economy consist of information technology, infrastructure, local craft production, transportation, and agriculture. 

The gross domestic product (GDP) of Jharkhand in the year 2020-21 is estimated at Rs. 3.83 lakh crore. And the per capita GDP of Jharkhand was Rs. 82,430 in the year 2018-19. The urbanisation ratio is reported to be 24.1%.

Conclusion

Jharkhand is one of the Indian states which is located in the northeastern part of the country. Also known as the land of forest, the area of Jharkhand is 79,716 km2 making it the 15th largest state in terms of area. Ranchi is the Jharkhand capital, and Dumka is its sub-capital. The population in Jharkhand is about 32,988,134, and the government of this state is formed as per the Indian constitution.