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Biodiversity or Biological diversity refers to the different types of living beings present on Earth, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. There are even many species that have not been discovered yet as the biological diversity of Earth is very rich.
Many species are coming to an end because of humans and their activities. Extinction of the species that are present on the earth is very dangerous as it can lead to a reduction in the biological diversity which can create a much more bad impact on the earth. It is clearly stated that if biological diversity ends, then the future of humans will also end.
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY:
There are 3 types of biodiversity or biological diversity:
1 . Species diversity
It means all the different types of species that are found in a selected region. It comprises all the species present in plants, animals, and small organisms. Two individuals of the same species are not considered to be the same. It is the starting level of biodiversity.
2 . Genetic diversity
It means the different types of changes that happen in organisms’ genes. We can easily differentiate among species because every species has its different genes and this is the reason why humans don’t have the same faces. We can also take the example of rice which is a species and rice is also of different types.
3 . Ecological diversity
There are various types of ecosystems present on the earth. An ecosystem can be defined as all living and nonliving creatures and their relationship with each other. Ecological biodiversity refers to plants and animals and their relationship with each other and their similarity. This diversity is found in various types of ecosystems on the earth.
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY:
Survival of biodiversity is very important as because of this, humanity is surviving. So some of the importance are as follows:
1. Ecological stability
All the individuals of the species carry their different duties in the ecosystem. They aim to catch and store energy and also make and decompose organic matter. Survival of humans is not possible because of this and that is why the ecosystem gives its support. This makes them more useful and productive and can handle environmental stress easily.
2. Economic importance
Biodiversity is the main source of production of food, cosmetics, and products used in pharmacies. Forests and fishing are very good sources of getting food. Many plants such as cinchona and foxglove are referred to as wild but they are used to make many medicines. Many plant species are used to produce perfume, wood, poison, etc. Tourists can also be attracted by creating wildlife sanctuaries or national parks.
3. Ethical importance
Every species has the right to live and humans should not create any type of disturbance in their lives and should not put their extinction into danger as the extinction of the species present can even lead to the extinction of humans on the planet and their survival will become very difficult.
CONCLUSION:
Humans dominate biodiversity as humans bring the life of all other species of different plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria into danger. Many species are dying due to pollution and for that human life is held responsible. Good biodiversity should be present because it protects every species, ecosystem, and resource. Many species are yet to be discovered, their habitat and landscapes are yet to be discovered and what is the impact that they create on our ecosystem is also yet to be known. A law should be passed that states that we should preserve biodiversity and we should protect it too otherwise biodiversity will fail and many species will become extinct.
