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TCP/IP Model

Get to know about the TCP/IP Model, the difference between osi and tcp ip model, and its layers along with the osi model. Read more about it.

Table of Content

TCP/IP Model is a communication model which helps a user to find out how a computer should be connected to the internet and how to transmit the data through it. It creates a digital or virtual network when several computer systems are connected. The word TCP/IP is the short form of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. In simple words, TCP/IP is a communication protocol that connects the internet with several hosts. This model is widely used by applications like email, FTP, WWW, and a lot more. But there is another model called OSI which is used for communication from a person to another person only. 

OSI and TCP IP Model

The OSI model is a concept model which shows the communication of a system interconnected with other systems or systems. OSI stands for Open System Interconnection model which is used as a packet transfer of data through a lot of layers of protocols.  The OSI model was developed when the ISO tried to develop methods of networking in the 1970s. Then after three years in 1973, it was found that there is a need for defining a higher-level protocol. And this is how the OSI model was developed with the actual features of an interface. The OSI model was officially adopted in 1984 after one year of development. 

When discussing the tcp/ip model, it has a bit of a different past. An article was published with the title of “A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection” defining the tcp/ip model. In 1982, NCP was changed to the TCP/IP Model and this is how this model was developed. The TCP/IP Model was widely used by the Department of Defense with the purpose of connecting different devices with the internet. The TCP/IP served the purpose of making an automatic recovery phone mainly for battlefields without any problems of loss of connection. So  osi and tcp ip models have only this much history.Characteristics of OSI and TCP/IP Model

Characteristics of TCP/IP Model

  • It assists with architecture with flexibility. 
  • It is a connection-based protocol. 
  • It is a reliable method as it keeps the data in proper order. 
  • You can add more computers under the TCP/IP Model. 
  • It keeps user control on sending data. 
  1. This model remains in function till the systems are active. 

Characteristics of OSI Model

  • It is a type of model where one can make layers whenever there’s any requirement of a system. 
  • Every layer is dependent on its succeeding layer, so each of them should be active. 
  • In this model, you can only add a function of layers which is registered under internationally standardised protocols. 
  1. Each layer is used for a specific function and is made small to eliminate any confusion in this model. 

Difference between OSI and TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP Model

OSI Model

It doesn’t have any point which differentiates protocols, services, or interfaces. 

It makes a differentiation between protocols, services, or interfaces. 

It is introduced by the Advanced Research Project Agency Network. 

The International Standard Organization introduced it. 

It makes use of internet layers. 

It makes use of network layers as per the standards set by ISO. 

TCP/IP Model stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. 

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. 

It performs the work in a horizontal perspective. 

It performs the work in a vertical approach. 

It contains mainly 4 layers. 

It includes 7 layers. 

It includes 20 bytes of the header at least. 

It includes 5 bytes of the header at least. 

TCP IP Model Layers 

TCP/IP model provides detailed knowledge about formatting, transmission, and reception of data. These three processes take place in layers under this model. This modem includes a total of four layers with different functions for each layer. 

  • Link Layer

This later performs exactly the same works as its name shows. It involves logical and physical connections from the system of the host and therefore it is known as Network Access and Interface Layer. It is used in networks like ATMs, Ethernets, LAN, etc. 

  1. Internet Layer

The Internet layer is also called a network layer which performs the task of routing the data to its main destination point. The process is like, firstly the data is taken by the link layer and then generates packets of it known as data packets. These data packets are then pushed to any of the networks to deliver to the source. 

  1. Transport Layer

The third layer is a transport layer which provides a datagram to the application layer. This layer facilitates the host to communicate with the destination devices. Different controls are controlled by this layer kike congestion, error, or flow controls. 

  1. Application Layer

This layer gives access to the interface to facilitate communication. This layer is widely used in web browsers, emails, etc. 

Conclusion

The osi and tcp ip model are conceptual models which are used for all types of communication, whether it’s email or ATMs. Apart from these two, TCP/IP is widely used. The TCP/IP model the prevailing architecture of the internet along with giving certain rules to be followed work wide.