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The national anthem of the Republic of India is “Jana Gana Mana.” Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali polymath, initially composed it as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata. On January 24, 1950, the Constituent Assembly of India approved the first stanza of the hymn Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata as the National Anthem. The national anthem is performed in a formal manner for 52 seconds. An abbreviated version of the first and last lines (which takes around 20 seconds to perform) is also performed on occasion. It was originally performed publicly on December 27, 1911, at the Indian National Congress’s Calcutta (now Kolkata) Session.
History of India’s National Anthem:
The song ‘Bharat Bhagya Bidhata’ was first performed on Day 2 of the Indian National Congress’s annual session in Calcutta on December 27, 1911. Sarala Devi Chowdhurani, Tagore’s niece, performed the song with a group of school pupils in front of notable Congress members such as Indian National Congress President Bishan Narayan Dhar and Ambika Charan Majumdar.
Outside of Calcutta, the song was first performed by the poet himself on February 28, 1919, at a session at Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh. The college administrators were enthralled by the song, and they chose the English version as their prayer song, which is still sung today.
In 1947, members of the Indian Delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in New York recorded Jana Gana Mana as the country’s national song. The house orchestra performed the song in front of an audience of representatives from all across the world.
On January 24, 1950, the Constituent Assembly of India declared Jana Gana Mana to be India’s National Anthem.
Lyrics and Translation:
The original Bengali song ‘Jana Gana Mana’ is written in Sadhu Bhasha, a Sanskritized dialect. The song’s lyrics are as follows:
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Punjab-Sindh-Gujarat-Maratha
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga.
Tava shubha name jage,
Tava shubha asisa mage,
Gahe tava jaya gatha,
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he, Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he!
The following is the English translation:
You are the master of all people’s minds,
India’s fate is in your hands.
Punjab, Sind, Gujarat, and Maratha are all enthralled by the name.
Dravids, Orissans, and Bengalis;
It reverberates in the Vindhyas and Himalayan hills.
The melody of the Yamuna and Ganga mingles.
And the waves of the Indian Ocean chant it.
They sing praises to thee and pray for thy benefits.
All people’s salvation is in thine hands,
You are the steward of India’s fate.
To thee, Victory, victory, victory.
On occasion, a shortened version of the National Anthem is sung, consisting just the first and last words of the verse, such as:
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya he, Jaya Jaya, Jaya, Jaya he.
Occasions for playing the Anthem:
- The National Anthem is performed in its entirety on the following occasions:
- Accompanying the President of India or Governors of States/Union Territories in performing the National Salute on ceremonial occasions.
- In front of the dignitaries mentioned in the preceding section during parade demonstrations
- prior to and following the President’s State of the Union Address
- Prior to the President or Governor’s entrance and departure from a ceremonial ceremony
- When the national flag is flown at cultural events
- The presentation of the Regimental Colors
- When a band performs the National Anthem, a roll of drums should be heard before the actual performance to alert the audience and prepare them to give respect.
Code of Conduct:
The Government of India has established a series of guidelines and regulations to ensure that the National Anthem is performed properly and correctly. The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971, was enacted by the Indian government to ban any deliberate disrespect or insult to the country’s national anthem. Offenders face a maximum sentence of three years in prison and a monetary fine.
When the National Anthem is played, Indian citizens must adhere to the following norms of conduct:
- Should be able to stand up when called to attention.
- The head of each individual should be held high.
- It is necessary to look ahead.
- The National Anthem will be sung in unison as the National Flag is unfurled.
- No parody or distortion of the National Anthem’s words or music is permitted.
Conclusion:
One of the most powerful expressions of a country’s independence is the National Anthem. India is a country with many different languages and dialects. Jana Gana Mana is universally understood throughout India, fostering a sentiment of oneness among these disparate languages. Our National Anthem appropriately conveys the traditions and ideals that continue to serve as the country’s backbone. It contributes to the acceptance and assimilation of Indian culture, as well as its tolerance for plurality.
