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Since the end of the Cold War, a shift in the concept of “security” has resulted in accepting non-military—and thus “non-traditional”—security threats. Changes in climate, hunger and energy security issues, food security, contagious diseases, natural calamities, international terrorism, people and drug smuggling, and global migration are all examples of non-traditional security challenges. Analysts refer to this as the human security-development nexus. These NTS areas have often been left out of discussions about more “urgent” concerns about national security, such as territorial invasion. Addressing these difficulties frequently necessitates the involvement of global entities.
16 Non-Traditional Security Concerns in India
Food Security
We can learn from Latin American countries that have embraced short- and long-term policy options for national food security that are classified as consumer, producer, or trade-oriented.
To effectively implement PDS, the holistic approach comprises political discourse not just at the national level but also at the intergovernmental level, covering all government ministries.
The Rajasthan district-level Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition initiative, which is based on micro-planning, can be replicated.
2. Energy Security Issues
India is a powerful country with a strong GDP growth rate and a high reliance on imported petroleum from the middle-east. Considering the wide demand for energy from the region and their volatile political history, dependency can easily give rise to energy security issues.
Rules similar to Tunisia’s “energy conservation system” law should be implemented, which relies on the National Fund for Energy Management to stimulate renewable energy investment and boost sector skill capacity.
Learning from China can be of great assistance because it looks beyond its borders and imports fuel from all over the world using a combination of economic and diplomatic instruments and several other financial incentives.
3. Climate Change and Pollution in the Environment
It is possible to replicate the success of the Netherlands and France by increasing taxes on polluting inputs, which are then invested in long-term infrastructure development rather than simply raising money.
The lack of transparency in India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) can be addressed using the Brazilian model, which involves a diverse range of stakeholders under the umbrella group Inter-Ministerial Committees on Climate Change (CIM).
4. Infectious diseases, outbreaks, and other public health concerns concern
The “Chilean Model” based on the Explicit Guarantees and Universal Access (AUGE) program, which pledges to provide all citizens with universal health care through its two-tier public health care system, should be adopted.
5. Water Scarcity and Pollution
As an illustration, the Denmark model.
Collaboration in water technology with Israel
6. International terrorism
According to UNESCO, “Violence begins in the mind”; hence individuals’ brains must be re-engineered to move them away from the culture of violence and closer to the culture of peace.
India should use the world platform to be a unifying voice on the concept of international terrorism.
Regarding surveillance and snooping, collaboration with Israel would be tremendously helpful in curbing international terrorism.
7. Disasters
Floods, shortages, earthquakes, and cyclones require comprehensive planning. Flooding in Patna and Bangladesh
One can learn from Japan how to deal with the crisis.
8. National and multinational organised crime
It is one of the crucial problems faced, and to overcome it; we can use remedies like:
Fundamental changes must be made to substantive legislation, investigative procedures, and police organisation.
Localise programs—a complete program, such as Brazil’s Pronasci, that ties together many components that were drivers of violence in the country, such as developing gun-free zones, local frameworks, and fostering a civic culture to reduce crime.
9. Illegal Migration
Illegal immigrants like Rohingya Muslims pose challenges for the nation. To overcome it, these remedies can be used:
Encourage lawful immigration by redefining citizenship and revising legislation based on US immigration laws.
There is a bilateral collaboration among neighbouring countries to document unlawful immigrants and find a reasonable solution.
10. Human Security Concerns
The emphasis should be on early prevention to mitigate the effects of insecurity and generate long-term solutions.
11. Nuclear Security Issues
Open and unsecured facilities majorly pose a challenge, along with weak control of radioactive materials and problems while tracking them.
Increase the International Atomic Energy Agency’s function (IAEA).
Adopting India’s position on total nuclear disarmament
Increase the Code of Conduct’s universal coverage.
Increase volunteerism.
12. Poverty
Farmers must have access to all irrigation facilities.
They must be educated and trained.
Agriculture must be commercialised.
Schemes for family planning should be implemented.
13. Chemical and biological weapons proliferation
Chemical Weapons Convention (1992) and Biological Weapons Convention (1992) Remedies (1975)
Improving the export control regime
14. Problems with information security issues
It is the state of being safe from the unlawful use of information, particularly electronic data.
Critical Information Infrastructure Protection through Public-Private Partnership
Harmonisation of the National and International Legal Regimes
Setting up a comprehensive cyber-security infrastructure will be extremely beneficial.
Establishment of a National Cybersecurity Agency (NCSA)
15. Religious extremism
Religious extremism is defined as “faith-based behaviours that are deliberate attempts to hurt others.”
Religious Treatment
Social Treatment
Media
Legal Treatment
16. Economic Security Concerns
It is the condition of having a steady income or other resources to support one’s current and future standard of living.
Accelerating the implementation of civilian technology.
The expanding tax base
Imports are being reduced by outrage.
Conclusion
With some validity, it is believed that securitising developmental difficulties will be harmful. While the government has prioritised development issues such as climate change and energy security, the dangers of non-traditional security difficulties cannot be overlooked. A comprehensive approach is required to handle these non-traditional security challenges.
