Fundamental Elements That Make The Atmosphere

The earth has a specific composition of multiple elements. According to certain studies of ancient Greeks, the earth is mainly a composite of four major components: air, water, earth, and fire. In addition, systematic studies state the addition of another element, a star. Hence simultaneous studies in science, technology, research, medicine, and philosophy have their significant theories about the composition and atmosphere layers over the earth. All these theories relate to a single fact that the composition of the earth results in all the atmospheric variations in temperature, pressure, weather, and other atmospheric conditions. 

Atmospheric Layers Of The Earth

As per specific research and studies of scientists and philosophers, the earth’s atmosphere is covered with five atmospheric layers. All the layers are present from the lowest to the highest earth surface and attain variable properties. These properties relate to the atmospheric condition, air pressure, temperature, and oxygen level, which varies in all the earth’s atmospheric layers. Below are the descriptive details of all the atmosphere layers of the earth. Let’s discuss:

• Troposphere: 

The troposphere is the lowest surface layer of earth with high dense surroundings. The troposphere comprises approximately 75 percent of all the air present in the entire atmosphere. The troposphere is present above the earth’s surface to around 8 to 14.5 km (5 to 9 miles). The term ‘tropo’ is referred to as the change or variation, and thus the atmosphere in the troposphere is quite identical to its name. Constant mixing of gases forms specific and continuous variation in the atmospheric condition of the troposphere. There is an increased ratio of turbulence in the atmospheric condition according to the impact of the sun on the earth. The warm air at the outer surface expands the troposphere and cools down due to low air pressure. 

• Stratosphere:

The stratosphere is the second layer present in the earth’s atmosphere layers. It locates itself on the outer surface of the troposphere at around 50 km (30 miles) higher range. The stratosphere comprises the most significant ratio of ozone on the entire earth. Ozone is a powerful element to protect the earth from the sun’s harmful UV rays. The direct impact of sunlight raises the temperature of the stratosphere, and the range of temperature in the lower region is around -50 degrees Celsius (-60-degree Fahrenheit). On the topmost layer of the stratosphere, the temperature ranges at -15 degrees Celsius (5-degree Fahrenheit).

• Mesosphere:

The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere layer of the earth. It is present above the stratosphere and surrounded above it at 85 km (53 miles). It is the coldest part of the earth, where the temperature lies in the range of minus 90 degrees C (minus 130-degree Fahrenheit). The top region of the mesosphere is known as the mesopause of the earth’s atmosphere. The mesosphere’s atmospheric condition, climate, and weather conditions are confusing satellites comfortably flying in the high region. At the same time, balloons and jet planes find difficulty flying due to high air pressure. In the mesosphere region, the polar mesospheric clouds (noctilucent clouds) formed in certain climatic conditions and at some instances burning of meteors has also been recorded. 

• Thermosphere:

It is the fourth layer of earth and is present above the mesosphere within 600 km (372 miles) high from the mesosphere. In this atmosphere, layers’ temperature rises and warming in the thermosphere are because of the impact of ultraviolet rays and X-rays emitting through the sun. On the thermosphere rise in temperature is recorded according to the altitude. The atmosphere receives a meagre air density ratio, thus considering the earth’s outer surface area. 

• Exosphere:

The exosphere is the topmost layer of the earth’s atmosphere layers, whose distance from the earth’s surface is around 10,000 km (6200 miles). It is present above the surface area of earth and comprises elements such as Helium and Hydrogen that are in a dispersed state and rarely attain collision. 

• Ionosphere:

It is a single active atmosphere layers present on the earth’s surface, and its spreads and shrinks according to its capability of absorbing energy from the sun. In the surface regions of the ionosphere, the collision of specific ions with helium and hydrogen occurs. It results in a developed energy state. The high state of energy emits light photons, which reflects beautiful auroras. 

Conclusion

These are the details of all the atmosphere layers present over the earth’s surface area. All the layers of earth comprise specific temperature and air pressure. The factors and variations on these atmospheric layers are due to the sun’s impact. These layers protect the earth from the sun’s harmful X-ray and UV light with an element like ozone. Each layer has its ideal state of functioning and a significant part to protect the earth.