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The transportation infrastructure and traffic flow reflect the economic linkages between locations. Transport networks are generally crucial in the restoration of an area or a nation. Transportation’s expansion and development offer a medium for advancing the industry, health, agriculture, commerce, defence, administration, education, and other community activities. In reality, regional and national growth is reflected in transportation patterns. The establishment of transport in India involves several aspects. A country’s or region’s current transportation system cannot be described by a single component alone but rather as the result of multiple interconnected variables.
Factors influencing Transportation Development and Growth in India
Physical Factors
Comfort is critical in the expansion of forms of transportation. Railway lines and Roads are constructed often in flat parts of India than in mountainous regions where the construction of railway lines and roads is challenging and demanding. Only limited development of land transport is feasible in marshy areas, places impacted by soil erosion, and flood-affected regions.
Similarly, extremely little development of land transport is observed in profound rainfall areas in the North-Eastern area, and mountainous and uneven regions of the Western Ghats. The progress of land transport networks is likewise low in the sandy desert districts of Western Rajasthan.
Economic Factors
There is a greater concentration of railway lines and roads in states with a high economic standard than those with a low monetary standard, where land transport routes are few.
Cultural factors:
Western Rajasthan’s low-density inhabitants’ regions have little transportation development.
Defence Factors
Transport routes are designed for border security and to provide vital things to border staff as well as military supplies to soldiers. Due to limited transportation development, we could not face the Chinese invasion with great strength in 1962.
Factors of Politics and Society
These include political motivations for transportation infrastructure, government participation in the capital, monopolistic competition, safety, working conditions and mode coordination, transportation as an employer, and the social repercussions of transportation advancements.
The geographical study of transportation has evolved into a technical study that deals with network analysis, commodity flow, transportation costs, system analysis, planning, etc. Technicalities and unique features of transportation are discussed, but the overall pattern of global transportation is not.
Transport systems that function on a global scale are a result of the growing demand for linkages between individual nations and commercial blocs and have complicated networks. The transportation systems may be divided into three major categories:
- Land transportation
- Water transportation
- Air transportation
Transport in India
In India, transportation comprises land, water, and air travel. Most Indians rely on public transit as their primary form of transportation, and India’s public transportation networks are among the most frequently used globally.
Air Transport in India
Air transport in India is regulated by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, the country’s leading aviation regulatory authority. The Ministry of Civil Aviation is in charge of it.
After merging with India (airline) in 2011, Air India became India’s national flag carrier, and it plays an important role in linking India with the rest of the globe. The leading carriers are IndiGo, Air India, Spicejet, and Go First in market share. Following the deregulation of Indian aviation, these airlines connect more than 80 locations across India and even run international flights. Several additional international airlines connect Indian cities to essential cities worldwide.
Even though Amadeus named the Mumbai-Delhi air corridor the world’s tenth busiest route in 2012, a massive portion of the country’s air transport capacity remains untapped.
Heliports
Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited is a public sector firm that offers helicopter services to ONGC’s offshore sites as well as to several state governments in India, mainly in the northeast. There are 45 heliports in India as of 2013. At 6400 m (21,000 ft) above mean sea level, India also possesses the highest helipad at the Siachen Glacier.
Road Transport in India
Road transport in India includes National Highways that link all of the main cities and state capitals, constituting the country’s economic backbone. As of 2013, India has 66,754 kilometres (41,479 mi) of National Highways, 1,205 km (749 mi) of which are expressways. Although India has a significant network of four-lane roads of world quality standards, without access control (entry/exit control), they are referred to as highways rather than expressways.
According to the National Highways Authority of India, highways carry around 65 per cent of freight and 80 per cent of passenger traffic. National Highways handle approximately 40% of overall road traffic but cover just about 2% of the road network. In recent years, the average annual increase in the number of automobiles has been roughly 10.16 per cent.
India has several bridges and flyovers in major cities to alleviate traffic congestion. Some significant projects are Mumbai’s Bandra-Worli Sea Link and Chennai’s Kathipara Cloverleaf Interchange.
Conclusion
Transport networks are generally crucial in the restoration of an area or a nation. They offer a medium for advancing the industry, health, agriculture, commerce, defence, administration, education, and other community activities. A country’s or region’s current transportation system cannot be described by a single component alone but rather as the result of multiple interconnected variables. In India, transportation comprises land, water, and air travel. Most Indians rely on public transit as their primary form of transportation. The Mumbai-Delhi air corridor was named the world’s tenth busiest route by Amadeus in 2012. As of 2013, India has 66,754 kilometres of National Highways and 1,205 km (749 mi) of expressways. National Highways handle around 40% of overall road traffic but cover about 2% of the road network. India has several bridges and flyovers in major cities to alleviate traffic congestion. Some significant projects are Mumbai’s Bandra-Worli Sea Link and Chennai’s Kathipara Cloverleaf Interchange.
