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Right against discrimination
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Article 15 - prohibition on the state from discriminating amongst its citizens on grounds only of race, religion, caste, sex or place of birth explained

Deepika Reddy Magham is teaching live on Unacademy Plus

Deepika Reddy Magham
BCA, LLB, MBA; Director, Shikara IAS Academy; 10 years experience in teaching Indian Polity, Ethics, Indian Society and Social Justice.
Unacademy user
দাদা পৃথিবী ধ্বংস হবে কত সনে? জনলে জানাইও তারাতারি
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mam help me in understanding the creamy layer concept and mandal commission and aftermath
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Creamy layer is a term applicable to a group of people within the backward classes who are economically well off. Therefore the determinant for creamy layer is the annual income. The impact of mandal commission report was that reservation was provided to BCs on the basis of their economic status.
Monu ANTIL
4 months ago
thanks maam ... mam avi 10% reservation bill introduce hua h vo article 16 voilet krta h how kyoki 16(4) provide reservation to socially and economically backwaord classes and 10% contitution bill is also providing reservation for economically backword class
Can a woman not file a case of violation of her rights against society if she feels that society is entitling her to do certain kinds of works that are entitled for women only because under article 15(1) sex based discrimination is prohibited and not gender based?
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She can. Though constitution explicitly prohibits sex based discrimination, it also provides for equality which goes against any form of discrimination - sex or gender
what is the relevance of the distinction between sex and gender in context of Article 15?
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Gender is not mentioned in the Constitution. Sex refers to the biological characteristics of man and women whereas gender is the social characteristics of man and women
Mohit Shripat
a year ago
OK, can you give one example of a gender based discrimination or differential treatment?
Mohit Shripat
a year ago
OK, can you give one example of a gender based discrimination or differential treatment?
awesome explanation ma'am
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Mam, Article 15(1) incudes the word "only", can state discriminate on the basis of other than those 5 points like on the basis of "Language"??
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yes. only indicates that the five grounds should not be sole reason for discrimination

  1. RIGHTS LESSON 7- ARTICLES 15 AND 16 M. DEEPIKA REDDY HYDERABAD


  2. ARTICLE 15 Articles 15(1) and 15 (2) - prohibit the state from discriminating Article 15 (3), 15 (4) and 15 (5) - lay down exceptions to discrimination


  3. ARTICLE 15 Article 15 (1), "The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only o of them." f religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any Article 15 (2) states that no citizen shall, on grounds of race., religion, caste, sex, place of birth, be denied access to public places like hotels, parks and so on.


  4. ARTICLE 15 Article 15 (3) confers powers on the state to make special provisions for the welfare of women and children. Article 15 (4) - inserted by the 1st Constitutional Amendment Act 1951 empowers the state to provide by law special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.


  5. ARTICLE 15 Article 15 (5) inserted by the 93rd Constitutional Amendment Act 2005 - empowers the state to provide by law for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes of citizens, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes for admissions into educational institutions including private institutions whether aided or unaided by the Government except minority nstitutions


  6. ARTICLE 16 Articles 16(1) and 16 (2) - prohibit the state from discriminating in matters of public employment Article 16 (3), 16 (4) and 16 (5) - lay down exceptions to discrimination, i.e., it specifies that reservations can be provided on basis of domicile, for SCs and STs and minority institutions.


  7. ARTICLE 16 Article 16(1) states that there shall be equality of opportunities for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state. gives effect to Equality of opportunity envisaged in the preamble.


  8. ARTICLE 16 Article 16(2) "No person shall be discriminated in respect of public employment by state on grounds only of race, religion, caste, sex, place of birth, descent or place of residence or any of them"


  9. ARTICLE 16 Article 16(3) empowers the Parliament to provide for special provisions on grounds of residence in cases of certain class of public employment under the Central Government or the State Government or under the Local Authority


  10. ARTICLE 16 Article 16(4) - empowers the state to provide by-lavw - reservation in public employment in favour of socially and economically Backward Classes, if in its opinion the said class of citizens are not adequately represented in public employment.