The Union Executive of the Indian Constitution under Articles 52 to Articles 78

The Union Executive authorises powers to the government to implement laws that fall under Articles 52 to 78 of Chapter- I of Part IV. Due to Its important activities, the Union Executive became the most significant branch of the government. The union executive of India consists of the President, the head of the State, Vice-president and Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers who governs the Union and Attorney General. The Indian Constitution empowers the President’s executive authority but is not allowed to exercise it alone. The Prime Minister supervises the Council of Ministers helps the President exercise executive power.

The union executive of India consists of three members to set laws and govern the administrative work within the parliament. The qualifications, as well as roles and powers of these executive members, are mentioned below:

1.The President

The President is the head of the state and the Union Executive who exercises executive powers under the supervision and direction of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers. All the executive powers were implemented in the name of the President.

·   Qualification and duration to hold office

The President must be a citizen of India. The Article 56 says that the minimum age of the President should be thirty-five and he must be India’s citizen. Also, he has to be qualified as the elective member of the House of People. As per Article 56(1), The President can hold office for 5 years from when he take charge of his office from the first day. The office of the President can be empty in case of his resignation or impeachment and if he dies or is disqualified by the Supreme Court.

·   Power and Functions

Under Article 53, the President of the Indian Constitution can implement laws and order and is a policymaker. He can supervise the armed force as a Supreme Commander. He can address both Parliaments. He can appoint judges of both the Supreme and High Court and high officials of India. The President can announce war and peace under the prime minister’s direction and the Council of Ministers. He can summon as well as dissolve the parliament by his legislative powers The President also exercises special power in times of National as well as State and Financial emergencies.

·   The Vice President

Under Articles 63 and 65, the Vice-President plays an important role in the vacancy in the President’s office. He must be the ex-chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. He can exercise the function of the President in his absence or any situation including his illness as well as death or resignation from the office.

2.The Prime Minister

Under Article 73, the Prime Minister is selected by the representatives of the people among the members of the Lok Sabha. He is the chief head of the Government and head of the Council of Ministers. He  advises the President.

·   Qualification and duration to hold office

The Prime Minister has to be a member of  Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha. He has to be twenty-five years old, in case he is the member of Lok Sabha or more than 30 years of age, if he is a Rajya Sabha candidate. He must be a citizen of India. He cannot be a part of any office that runs for profit under the Indian Government of any state. He can hold the office for indefinite time, but has to gain confidence of President and Lok Sabha. 

·   Power and Function

The Prime Minister became the communication link between the parliament and the President. He is responsible for advising the President to distribute work under various ministries working for the Indian Government. The council of the union executives must give all the information regarding Union affairs or decisions taken for the Cabinet meetings’ administration.

3.Attorney General

The Attorney General advises the Govt. of India on legal matters and represents this in front of the Supreme Court. They are nominated by the President on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet and serve at the President’s discretion. 

• Qualification and duration

They has to be qualified for the role as a Judge in the Supreme Court. Thus they had to be a high court justice for 5 years, or an attorney for 10 years, or an outstanding jurist. There is no pre-decided duration for the Attorney General of India. 

• Power and Function

The Attorney General advises the Government on legal implications. They also carry out the President’s legal responsibilities. The Attorney General does have the right to attend in all Indian courts and to join in Parliament sessions, but do not vote. The Attorney General represents the Government in all Supreme Court proceedings.

3.The Council of Minister

Under Article 74, the council of the union executives is the constitutional body in parliament. The Council of Ministers belongs to 60 to 70 ministers, including The State Ministers as well as the Cabinet Ministers and Deputy Ministers.

·   Qualification and duration to hold office

The Council of Ministers must qualify to be a member of either House of the Parliament. He must be a citizen of India. There is no duration specified for them, and the Prime Minister can ask any Minister to resign, and the President can appoint any Minister.

·   Power and Function

As the union executive of india consists of the Council of Ministers, they can exercise combined power with the Legislative Assemblies. The true power in the Country is held by the Council of Ministers. Ministers, rather than the Governor, take maximum decisions in the cabinet.

Conclusion

In short, We get to know that the Union Executive of the Indian Constitution is the most important body that distributes the powers of both the state and the Union level between the President and Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister. the union executive of india consists of the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, who are the real heads of the Union Executive that exercises all the executive power at the national level but the President with the advice of the Council of Ministers along with the Prime Minister can exercise these executive powers.