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All India Muslim league was the reason which led to the foundation of Pakistan. The main reason for this was the requirement of a representative unit for Muslims in politics under British rule. This need was majorly felt during the partition of Bengal in 1905.
It was founded on 30th December 1906 by Nawab Khwaja Salimullah. At the meeting of all India Muslim education conference held at Ahsan manzil, Nawab Khwaja Salim Ullah who was the Nawab of Dhaka proposed the creation of a political party for Muslims. This bill was passed unanimously and an Indian Muslim league was formed.
The notion of a distinct nation gained motion in the 1930s along with philosopher sir Muhammad Iqbal’s dream of merging four shires in the northwest. This party supported the British during the times of the second world war when the protest by the congress against the UK and involving India without its citizens’ consent. All-India Muslim League played a major role in the 1940s which became a driving force behind the formation of Pakistan in 1947.
SOCIALISM GROWTH OF MUSLIM LEAGUE-
As evident by the Khilafat movement, there was a unity between Hindus and Muslims to some extent after world war I. this unity was degraded after the ending of the Khilafat Movement in the year 1922. Communalism started to grow rapidly which forced the Hindus and Muslims apart. Riots occurred in many cities, counting up to ninety-one between the years 1923 and 1927 solely in Uttar Pradesh. On a political level, the ratio of Hindu and Muslim delegates in the congress suffered a major fall, from 11% to 4% in the year 1923.
The control of the All India Muslim league was taken up by sir Muhammad Iqbal after the departure of Muhammad Ali Jinnah to Britain in the 1920s. sir Muhammad Iqbal was the first leader to put forward the idea of an only Muslim state in India. This was named the “two-nation theory” and gained momentum among the Muslims. It was denied by congress.
Muslim community rejected the committee report on the pretext that there was an unequal representation of Muslims.
CONCEPT AND MOVEMENT FOR PAKISTAN-
In his speech at the annual session of the All India Muslim League, Muhammad Iqbal proposed his vision of uniting Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Baluchistan, and sind into a sole state as a Muslim state. The word “Pakistan” was nowhere to be heard in his speech which led some intellectuals to. believe that he never hinted at the separation of India.
Muslim league became a mass mobilization and a prevalent party in the 1940s, majorly after the Lahore resolution. Mohammad Ali Jinnah went on to influence and grow the following to over two million members and made it religious and gave it a separatist viewpoint.
The All India Muslim League explicitly recommitted itself in Lahore to the establishment of an independent Muslim state that would comprise Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, the Northwest Frontier Province, and Bengal and will be “entirely autonomous and sovereign.” On March 23, 1940, the Lahore Resolution, proposed by Bengal’s then-chief minister, A. K. Fazlul Huq, was adopted, and its principles were the basis for Pakistan’s initial constitution.
In the elections of 1946, this party went on to win 425 seats out of the 467 seats that were reserved entirely for Muslims on the strategy of a separate Hindu and Muslim state. This policy was entirely rejected and opposed by the congress which was led by Gandhi and Nehru. They remain adamant about not separating India.
As opposed to the Lahore resolution, the All-India Azad Muslim conference came together in Delhi in April 1940 to show its backing for a unified India. This included 1400 Muslim representatives and many Muslim organizations. This opposition was silenced by the Muslim league using intimidating methods. When Allah Baksh Soomro, the leader of the all-India Azad Muslim conference was murdered in the year 1943, the demand of Pakistan became easier for the Muslim league.
MOHAMMAD ALI JINNAH-
He was born on 25 December 1876. He worked as a barrister and a politician who established Pakistan. He was the leader of the All India Muslim league from the year 1913 to the year 1947 ie till the establishment of Pakistan. He served as the first governor-general of Pakistan until he died. He is called Baba-i-Qaum(the father of the nation) of Pakistan and Quaid-i-Azam (great leader).
He took birth in Karachi. He was skilled as a barrister at Lincoln’s inn in London. Mohammad Ali Jinnah became interested in politics and gained popularity in congress. In his primary years of politics, he was an advocate of unity between Hindus and Muslims and helped in determining the Lucknow pact of 1916 between congress and the Muslim league. He left congress when it started Satyagraha as it was regarded as political chaos by Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
In 1940, Jinnah was firm in his belief in a separate state for Muslims to evade the minority that Muslims may achieve after the independence of India. In this year, the Lahore Resolution was passed which demanded a separate Muslim nation for the Muslims of British India. The Muslim league grew strength when the congress leaders were arrested at the time of the second world war. They also went to win the elections held shortly.
There was no success in reaching a power-share between the All India Muslim League and the congress which led to the decision of having separate Hindu and Muslim states.
Mohammad Ali Jinnah established Pakistan,s government as the first governor-general of the newly formed country. He died aged 71 in the year 1948. He remains the greatest leader of Pakistan and has a deep and revered legacy in his country.
CONCLUSION-
Originally called the all-India Muslim league, the Muslim League was a party that laid the foundation of a separate state for Hindus and Muslims. It was established in the year 1906 to protect the rights of Muslims of India originally advocating a unified nation. In 1940, it demanded a separate nation for Muslims under the guidance of Mohammad Ali Jinnah who also went on to serve as the first governor-general of Pakistan.
