Making of Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is the soul of the country. It is the most important document in the country. the constitution of India is a written constitution and it is the source of all judicial and political power in the country. The making of the Indian Constitution is a long and arduous process. It was written amid the partition of the country and the onset of economical and political tensions in the last few years of the 1940s. Related to the study are its creation and the history are the parts of the Indian Constitution and its fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution. 

Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution was created by the members of the Constituent Assembly. It was adopted in the year 1949 and was effective on and from 1950, 26th January. The Indian Constitution provides constitutional supremacy which is different from parliamentary supremacy. The creation of the Constitution began in 1928 through the Nehru Report in the Lucknow session of the APC or All-parties Conference. The creation and implementation of the Constitution continued within the duration that India was under British dominion. The princely states had to be integrated into the country through articles. It was after the Constitution was enforced that India ceased to be a part of the British dominion officially and was declared as a sovereign and democratic nation. The Indian Constitution was created during this time as well. Under the Cabinet Mission, the Constituent Assembly operated its drafting of the Constitution. The result of the election to the Assembly in 1946 led to high tension between radical Hindus and Muslims which resulted in riots. This incident led to the division of the Constituent Assembly; one being created separately for the Muslim League for the newly created Pakistan. 389 original members of the Constituent Assembly made the Constitution, but after the Partition, there were 299. 

Parts of Indian Constitution

The authors of the Indian Constitution who were responsible for its creation, are B. R. Ambedkar, B. N. Rau, Surendranath Mukherjee, and other members of the Assembly. Parts of the Indian Constitution are between 1-22. There are 395 Articles along with the parts of Indian Constitution. The Parts of Constitution are as follows:

• Part I – Union and territories 
• Part II – Citizenship
• Part III – Fundamental Rights
• Part IV – State’s Directive Principles
• Part V – X – Union, Union Territories, The Panchayats, Municipalities, Cooperative societies, ST and SC, 
• XI-XV – Relations between the States and the Unions, Finance, Contracts, Properties, Trade, Services, Tribunals, Elections
• XVI- XX- Special provisions, Official Language, Emergency provisions, Miscellaneous, Amendments, 
• XXI – XXII – Transitional and temporary provisions, authoritative texts. 

Along with these Parts, there are individual chapters under each Part. 

Fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution

6 main rights are guaranteed by the Indian constitution. Those fundamental rights are:

• Cultural and Educational rights
•  Equality
• Religion
• Against Exploitation
• Freedom
• Constitutional Remedies

The Preamble

The Preamble is the introduction of the Constitution and lays down the beliefs and principles of the constitution. It is the spirit of the constitution and is printed on every government-issued book in schools. 

Conclusion

The constitution took 3 years to complete and was done so in 11 sessions. The original Constitution was hand-written with each member signing two copies in English and Hindi. The pages were decorated by people like Nandalal Bose and B. R. Sinha with calligraphy being done by P. B. R. Raizada.