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Today Jammu and Kashmir is declared as one of the Union Territories of the Indian country. But yet it still remains a battlefield between India and Pakistan. Many people often blame the then Prime Minister, Jawarhlal Nehru for not having clear terms stated out in the Instrument of Accession signed by the then ruler of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh.
History
The state of Kashmir was given the special status of being an Union Territory under the article 370. Jammu and Kashmir is totally autonomous and has its own constitution. This area has been under unrest since 1947. It is a feudal ground for India and Pakistan.
Indian residents were not allowed to buy land or exercise any of their rights in kashmir.
Topography
Since Kashmir falls under a vast number of altitudes, the climate keeps changing. Southern regions have a typical climate of cold winters and hot summers. Snowfall is really common and the temperatures are seen to drop below negatives in winters.The east side is surrounded by the Himalayas hence the reason for snowfall and high altitude changes.
Maharaja Hari Singh and Kashmir
Maharaja Hari Singh was the last ruler of Kashmir before India gained independence. He was born in 1895 and acceded the throne in the year of 1923. During the battle of independence, Maharaja Hari Singh was asked to join either India or Pakistan even though Maharaja Hari Singh wanted Kashmir to remain a princely state. He finally decided to agree to the instrument of accession from fear of the Indian troops invading Kashmir. When Pakistan invaded Kashmir weeks before independence, Maharaja Hari Singh fled to Jammu where he signed the Instrument of accession for the state.
An agitation occurred in 1931 that totally changed how any country saw Kashmir. The cause of this agitation was that the Quran, the muslim holy text was treated with disrespect by a Dogra policeman. Since the major target of this agitation was seen to be muslims, anti-hindu riots soon gained momentum. Later around 500 soldiers were sent to help Maharaja Hari Singh restore order in his state. Later representatives from both the religions met with Maharaja Hari Singh and the muslim representatives signed an agreement with the Prime Minister.
Delhi Accord
In 1951, for the first time, a state government was created in Kashmir. The Delhi Agreement was first signed in 1952 between the Prime ministers of Kashmir and India. The Delhi Agreement gave special provisions for the state and article 370 was applied and the state of Kashmir became a Union Territory.
Kashmir’s own constitution came into force in 1957. This also allowed the state to be accessed into the country of India finally.
The article 370 was included in the Indian Constitution as a temporary solution to grant permissions to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The citizens live under their own special rules and regulations especially including citizenship laws. It grants the government their own set of autonomous rules.
Even after the accession of Kashmir, the conflict has been escalating. Despite interference by the United Nations, there has been no fruitful success in this area.
Conclusion
So as highlighted in the above article, we have seen what are the reasons for conflict and agitation in Kashmir. The failure of highlighting clear terms on a piece of paper has led a battle to keep going on for almost 70 years.
