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High Court is the topmost tier of the jurisdiction in every union territory and state which are a part of India. The High Court must exercise the original criminal and civil administration only if the lower courts are not allowed by the law because of territorial jurisdiction or lack of finances. The High Courts might also have original jurisdiction in particular matters if it especially in the constitution as a union or a state law. The major cases which are there in a High Court are generally based on applications from the lower courts and/or writ petitions which are related to articles 226 and 227 of our Indian Constitution. The case which is based on a writ jurisdiction is an original administration of the Indian Government.
High Court
The first High Court was established in the era of the British. The first High Court was established in Calcutta, The Calcutta High Court was established on 2nd July 1862. The jurisdiction area was West Bengal and Andaman and the Nicobar Islands, it has two benches one in Jalpaiguri and the other in Port Blair. The total number of judges is 72. The next High Court was established in Bombay on 14th August 1862 followed by Madras High Court which was established on 15th August 1862. There were two judicial systems located in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay that were present for jurisdiction which were the Supreme Court, Sadar Nizamat and Sadar Diwani Adalat. This jurisdiction was inconvenient and the results were also conflicting at times hence the British parliament decided to introduce the High Courts in India by implementing the Indian High Courts Act, 1861. The bill for Indian High Court was presented by Sir Charles Wood and was approved by the Parliament of British on 6th August 1861.
Qualification for a Judge
There are certain criteria that a person needs to clear before becoming a judge that is:
- Attorney with a minimum experience of five years.
- A member for a minimum of 10 years at Covenanted Civil Services and also served a Zila as a judge for a minimum of 3 years at the same time.
- A pleader for a minimum of 10 years at the High Court or Sadar Court.
A minimum of one-third of judges including the Chief Justice needs to be Barristers. The rest two-thirds should be a member of Covenanted Civil Service.
High Courts in India
There is a total of 25 High Courts in India which are divided according to States and Union Territories. The first High Court was the Calcutta high Court followed by the Bombay High Court and the Madras High Court. The Allahabad High Court has the biggest bench comprising 160 Judges followed by the Bombay High Court with 94 Judges. The Sikkim High Court has the lowest number of judges which is 3 followed by the Meghalaya High court which consists of 4 judges and the Manipur High Court with 5 judges.
List of Cases in High Court
There is a list of cases in the High Court that can be entertained by the High Court of India which can be classified as:
- Income Tax Issue (1300)
- Family Law Issue (1000)
- Lease of Mines, Minerals (900)
- Motor Vehicle Accident (600)
- Pension Matter (502)
- Different types of Public Issue Litigations.
- C.B.I cases
This was the list of cases in the High Court, the cases can be classified into but there are a lot more of these in which the cases can be categorised in.
Conclusion
The Indian High Court was introduced to tackle the discrepancy in judgement and remove the conflict between the judgements of the different courts. The bill was presented by Sir Charles Wood and was passed by the Parliament of British the first one was the Calcutta High Court and the latest one was Andhra Pradesh High Court. The biggest bench is the Allahabad High Court and the smallest bench is the Sikkim High Court.
