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Today, India is recognized as the largest democracy in the world. After the constitution of India was formed on January 26, 1950, India was reborn. The date is extremely significant as that day has shaped the progress and direction of India and has made India what we know today. India today is a sovereign, democratic, secular republic and people are given many constitutional rights like freedom of speech and expression, freedom to work and practice, etc. The Federation of India has divided major powers between the state governments (these were created as a result of the states demarcated by the British provinces and the former independent princely states) and the central government in New Delhi. New reforms, acts, articles have been added and implemented in the constitution of India but the core principles of the constitution remain the same and it is expected from all levels of governing bodies starting from blocks to the Central government itself to abide by all those principles.
Features of Indian Politics
The panchayat System- In today’s date, the panchayat is the lowest form of self-governance in India and looks after village societies. The term Panchayat means a council made of five members who are given the responsibility of making important decisions in Indian villages. The people of the village are the ones who elect them as their governing council.
Federalism- The dual polity which consists of both the Union at the Centre and the states working together to function properly. Thus, in a way, the states are given the powers to make their own decisions and a decentralized means of decision-making is encouraged. So, different states can have different policies regarding different issues/areas depending upon the action of their respective state governments.
The practice of Elections- All leaders and members are elected by the process of voting. Every Indian is given the right to vote once they are of a certain age (18 years old). The government and the leaders of India take the duty of arranging the elections and then the general public can vote for their desired candidate of choice.
A Multi-Party System- As India is a democracy, there is a right to protest and form other associations. There are multiple political parties and each of them may believe in different ideologies. They fight against each other for power.
Upholding the Constitution- All the things that the government does must be following the constitution of India. No one has the right to do something that may be termed ‘unconstitutional’.
The Role of the Supreme Court- In a democracy, the independence of the judiciary is of prime importance. The Supreme Court is the top judicial institution of India headed by judges who are responsible for taking unbiased decisions to maintain healthy democracy in India.
Relationship between the Military and the Government- There is a very good synergy between the government and the military of India. No actions are performed or decisions are made without consultation and strategic planning between the two. Thus, both of them play a cardinal role in maintaining peace and harmony in the country and providing safety from external forces or interventions.
Government of India
The government of India runs the country and makes all the decisions. The decisions made by the government directly determine the performance of the country in different fields. Many constitutional bodies are controlled by the government and have constitutional backing. The constitutional bodies are formed as per the prescription and guiding principles of the constitution of India itself and all the works that are dedicated to the same bodies are also backed by the direction, power, and authority of the Indian constitution. The powers and functions are extremely strict and no random alterations are possible to make without a constitutional amendment. All the duties done in these bodies are held accountable for governing the entire country in all aspects and thus, the performance and efficiency are directly related to the development of the country. There is a total of 20 different constitutional bodies currently in India and each one of them has its unique role to perform for the sake of the smooth running and development of India.
Major Roles
The government rules the country and is responsible for almost everything in the country. But some of the key and most basic duties or roles of the government (Central or State) are as follows;
Proper management of all types of externalities.
Providing public goods and services.
Government spending.
Implementation and maintenance of taxation.
Federal budget.
Provide social security.
Manage distribution of income.
Conclusion
India is the largest democracy in the world. After the constitution of India was formed on January 26, 1950, India started to truly develop. The date is extremely significant as that day has shaped the progress and direction of India and has made India what we know today. There is a trend in which Indian politics is seen today and there are designated duties and responsibilities of the government which all must be done by the constitution of India.
