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Nagaland is a state in the Northeastern region of India. It shares its borders with Myanmar and the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Assam. Nagaland’s capital is Kohima, and Dimapur is the state’s largest city. During the independence of India in 1947, an area of the state was a part of the province of Assam. To get recognition as an individual state, there was a series of violent incidents led by Phizo, a member of the Naga National council. In 1960, after a discussion between Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the leaders of the Naga people convention, an agreement was reached. Under the agreement, the government of India recognised the formation of the state.
On 1 December 1963, Nagaland was registered as the 16th state of India.
Government of Nagaland
Nagaland is divided into 16 districts. Like other states, the government of Nagaland consists of executive, judiciary, and legislative branches. The state government of Nagaland is the governing authority. The constitutional head of the state is the governor, the head of the government is the Chief Minister and the head of the judiciary is the Chief Justice of the High court.
Kohima, being the capital city, is the seat of the government. The Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the secretariat are situated here. The Legislative Assembly comprises 60 elected members, and is headed by the Chief Minister.
Executive
● Like other states, in Nagaland, the head of the state is the governor. The governor is appointed by the President of India in an election based on the advice of the central government internally. His or her post is official.
● The Chief Minister is the head of the government and holds the most number of executive powers.
● The Vidhan Sabha of the state acts as the executive and legislative body, for which the governor has the responsibility for the official work apart from law and order responsibilities.
● The Vidhan Sabha is constituted of 60 members. All of them are elected members of the legislature forming the government executive, and led by the Chief Minister.
● Like the other states, this state has also been permitted a greater degree of state hierarchical autonomy. The meaning of hierarchical autotomy is that the government of Nagaland runs as per its own laws as compared to the other states of the country.
● Naga tribes have the power to conduct their affairs. Each tribe has a hierarchy of different councils, ranging from village to the tribal levels to dispute their local affairs. In other words, the tribal population of Nagaland has their own set of rules by which they abide to resolve disputes.
Table of the Executive Branch
Legislative
The current type of legislation in Nagaland consists of one house or assembly that votes together, commonly known as unicameral legislature. Apart from this, there is one more kind of legislature known as the bicameral legislature, where there are two assemblies or two houses as a part of the legislature. This type of legislature is seen in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and many more states of India. The Nagaland Vidhan Sabha comprises 60 seats. In 2018, the Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP), the BJP, and the Naga People’s Front (NPF) combined their votes to form a coalition government named as United Democratic Alliance (UDA), and has been in power since then.
The distribution of seats in the legislative assembly are as follows:
Naga People’s Front has 25 seats out of 60
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party has 21 seats out of 60
Bharatiya Janata Party has 12 seats out of 60 seats
The remaining seats are owned by independents who are not part of any political party.
The next election for the legislature will take place in February 2023.
Legislative Branch Table
Judicial and District Administration
For judicial activities, the Gauhati high court, located in the Kohima bench, exercises the jurisdiction and powers for the cases arising in Nagaland. The Gauhati High Court has the power to take actions and carry out hearings on behalf of the state of Nagaland.
Table of the Judiciary Department
Deputy Commissioner
For district administration purposes, every district of the state has a deputy commissioner assigned. The Deputy Commissioner is responsible for decisions in civil administration and development of the state. There are a total of 16 districts and those districts are further divided into subdivisions. Each of the subdivisions has an Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in charge of the administration. The ADC is responsible for helping the Deputy Commissioner in his daily work. The subdivision is larger in the area and requires an additional number of sub-divisional officers or extra assistant commissioners. They are responsible for administrative circles within the subdivision.
Conclusion
On 1 December 1963, Nagaland was registered as the 16th state of India, and the government of Nagaland was formed. The government of Nagaland is like the government of all the other states of India, which means that like the other states in the country, the government of Nagaland also consists of a governor (constitutional head), a Chief Minister (head of the government), the council of ministers, and the judiciary. The head of the judiciary is the Chief Justice of the High court. For exercising jurisdiction activities and powers, this state has no high court; the cases are transferred to the Kohima bench of the Gauhati high court.
