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A national park is an area created to protect wildlife. It is an initiative by the Government of India. It has historical importance in maintaining the ecosystem. Currently, the Government of India has been maintaining a total number of 106 national parks. These are regarded as the unknown treasure of wildlife. People in the forest areas within the boundary of the national park are not allowed to hunt, poach, cultivate, etc.
Generally, India’s forest areas are damaged by developmental activities, industrial activities, and forestry. The habitat of animals is secured from human exploitation. Along with animal species, the apt place is established for preserving plants as well. Â
A Detailed Guide on National ParksÂ
National parks are hosts for the preservation of all the species of animals, especially endangered species. Human occupation has altered the whole ecosystem by directly or indirectly damaging the ecosystem for industrial purposes. Therefore, to prohibit the exploitation of natural resources, federal legislation was introduced in the 1980s.Â
The International Union of Conservation of Nature considers national parks as category IIÂ protected areas. About 1.33% of the geographical area of India covers national parks. Further, an addition of 44,378 km area is proposed in the protected area network report.Â
A national park is a conservation measure that enhances fauna, flora, and zoological importance. It aims to build a habitat with the beauty of a natural landscape. After the Wild Life Protection Act in 1972, forest reserves were established. Later, national parks came into existence after the Act. Both Central and State governments are taking care of the further development of these protected areas. According to the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests, alteration of the boundaries of a national park is not permissible.Â
The first national park established by the government of India is Jim Corbett National Park located in Uttarakhand. The Jim Corbett National Park has a large area extremely famous for preserving tigers.Â
The article aims to demystify the list of national parks along with their location in various states of the country. Â
List of National Parks in India
As per the experts, India possesses a huge number of national parks to develop wildlife in their habitat. To boost your knowledge, we have listed down all prime national parks of India along with their states.
Name of State of India | National parks of India | |||||||||||
Assam |
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Andhra Pradesh |
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Arunachal Pradesh |
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Andaman and Nicobar islands |
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Goa | Mollem | |||||||||||
Bihar | Valmiki | |||||||||||
Gujarat |
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Chattisgarh |
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Himachal Pradesh |
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Karnataka |
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Haryana |
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Madhya Pradesh |
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Jharkhand | Betla | |||||||||||
Kerala |
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Maharashtra |
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Manipur |
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Orissa |
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Meghalaya |
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Rajasthan |
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Sikkim | Khangchendzonga | |||||||||||
Nagaland | Intanki | |||||||||||
Mizoram |
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Tamil Nadu |
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Telangana |
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Uttar Pradesh | Dudhwa | |||||||||||
Uttarakhand |
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Tripura |
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Jammu & Kashmir |
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Ladakh | Hemis | |||||||||||
West Bengal |
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Two major national parks of IndiaÂ
The two major national parks in the country are Jim Corbett National Park and Ranthambore National Park.
Jim Corbett National ParkÂ
The national park was established in 1936 in the state of Uttarakhand. It covers an area of 920.9 square km to provide a home to various flora and fauna. About 50 mammal species, 25 reptile species, 110 tree species, and 580 bird species are present in the Corbett National Park.
Ranthambore National ParkÂ
Situated in Sawai Madhopur of Rajasthan, Ranthambore National Park covers an area of 275 square km providing a home to tigers and more than 270 bird species.Â
ConclusionÂ
Inside a national park, no human activity is permitted. Fortunately, all the species have a safe habitat within the boundaries of national parks. To conclude, the article also imparts knowledge about the several parks in different states of the country. Furthermore, it provides information related to the Corbett National Park and Ranthambore National Park. Lastly, these areas serve a rich heritage of plants and animals.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Ireland on September 23, 2015. It was the second time an Indian Prime Minister had visited Ireland. The first being Jawaharlal Nehru’s visit in 1956. Ireland is an island nation located in Northwestern Europe and surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean.
The Prime Minister of Ireland, Enda Kenny, had hosted PM Modi during his visit. The PM was attended by other dignitaries such as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Charles Flanagan, and Ireland’s Ambassador to India, Feilim McLaughlin. The main aim of the visit was to create stronger ties and improve trade and cultural relations. Described below is the impact of the PM’s Ireland visit.
Impact on trade and commerce
India and Ireland have strong bilateral trade and business relations. Before the PM’s visit, trades with Ireland were valued at €650 million in business in 2014. This included exports worth €248m and imports worth €402 million.
The indigenous exports increased from €32 million in 2012 to €55 million in 2014. In 2019, the total bilateral trade was around €1.2 billion. The exports and the imports have also increased to €636 million and €480 million respectively. Currently, the total trade between India and Ireland is valued at €4.2 billion. This resulted from improved bilateral ties between the two nations, owing to Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Ireland.
Indian Companies in Ireland
Many Indian companies carry out trade and commerce in Ireland. They provide services to Irish markets and consumers across various industries. Pharmaceutical giants such as Reliance Genemedix and Amneal Pharmaceuticals operate in Ireland. Major IT companies such as Wipro, Infosys, TCS, and HCL also have a strong presence in the country. The trade relations were bolstered after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Ireland.
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Other companies like Crompton Greaves, Deepak Fasteners, Jain irrigation systems, and Shapoorji Pallonji provide consumer goods and services. Likewise, many Irish companies conduct their business in the Indian market. These companies include pharmaceutical and nutrition players like ICON and Glanbia, IT firms like Globoforce and other companies like Keventer, CRH Taxback Group, and Connolly Red Mills.
Impact on Education
Ireland has been a coveted destination for higher education for Indian students. Over 5000 Indian students have enrolled for higher studies in various institutions in Ireland. The students are admitted to engineering, technology, medicine and management colleges. More than 30 research agreements have been signed between the two nations that allow institutes in both countries to collaborate.
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Many reputed institutes like Trinity College, Dublin, and Thapar University, Patiala, have signed MOUs for engineering and science disciplines programmes. Thus, Ireland is an essential collaborator in graduate and doctoral research. This collaboration is also considered an impact of the PM’s Ireland visit.
Indian Community in Ireland
Ireland is diplomatically significant for India also due to the large number of Indian citizens residing there. The Indian origin population is approximately 45,000 people, of whom 18,500 are Non-Resident Indians (NRI), and others are Persons of Indian Origin (PIO). The majority of the residents are working professionals employed in engineering, healthcare and management positions.
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It has helped in establishing many policies for the Indian origin population. Two such policies in practice are wearing hijab as a part of the police uniform and the non-requirement of obtaining an additional work permit for the spouse or the partner of Critical Skill Employment Permit holders.
Cultural Impact
As a result of a large population of Indian origin citizens in Ireland and the relationship between the two nations, Ireland promotes Indian culture in various forms. One such example is the celebration of Diwali in Ireland since 2008. The event is organised every year in collaboration with Irish and Indian committees.
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Further, an annual contemporary film festival is also a part of the celebration of Indian culture. The promotion of such events indicates the importance of cultural exchange between the two nations. The Irish communities also take a keen interest in conventional practices such as cultivating and consuming Indian herbs and spices. This connects the agricultural practices between the two nations. The cultural ties between the countries were strong, and Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Ireland helped strengthen them further.
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Another significant practice is the celebration of International Yoga Day in Ireland. The Irish communities have accepted Yoga as a form of a healthy lifestyle. The practice is similar to the Indian tradition.
Tourism
India attracts around 44,000 Irish tourists every year. Indian tourists too visit Ireland in similar numbers. This was facilitated by the introduction of the common British-Irish visa scheme. This scheme allows the tourists to visit the U.K. and Ireland under one visa, rather than applying for two separate visas. It is valid for short stays. India also extended its Electronic Tourist Visa facility to Ireland to digitally facilitate visa approval and generation. The impact of the PM’s Ireland visit was such that it has also helped establish the tourism sector in both countries.
Conclusion
The diplomatic ties between Ireland and India have been impacted positively after Prime Minister Modi visited Ireland in 2015. It was an essential step toward strengthening the bilateral relationship between these two nations. India and Ireland have been important to each other since the 1900s.
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In 2010 and 2017, two honorary consulates were established in Chennai and Kolkata. Later in 2019, a formal and fully functional consulate general in Mumbai. Ireland and India have also shown their allegiance to fighting terrorism after the Pulwama attack. India has also hosted several Irish dignitaries on various occasions. These visits were directed toward engagement in business, education, health and tourism.
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Further, many agreements were signed to provide opportunities for employment to people of both countries. Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Ireland helped revive relatively stagnant relations between these two nations. Several cultural and historically similar instances bind these two nations. From Yeats and Tagore to cricket and Diwali, the cultural semblance between these two nations has helped create a strong tie between them.
