Why do Transition elements show variable oxidation states? Name the element showing the maximum number of oxidation states among the first series of transition metals from Sc(Z=21) to Zn(Z=30). Name the element which shows only +3 oxidation state.

Answer:

• Transition elements (otherwise called transition metals) are components that have partially filled d orbitals
• Electronic configuration is (n-1)d5 ns1 or (n-1)d10 ns1
• These components show variable oxidation states on the grounds that their valence electrons are in two unique sets of orbitals, that is (n-1)d and ns
• The energy distinction between these orbitals is exceptionally less, so both the energy levels can be utilized for bond formation
• Hence, we can say that transition metals have variable oxidation states

Mn(Z-25) has the biggest number of unpaired electrons in the d-subshell, and it shows a high oxidation state (+7).

Scandium (Sc) just displays a +3-oxidation state in these series.