WAY THAT PROTOZOAN DISEASE SPREADS

Protozoans are divided into four major groups based on nature and life history. The major groups of the protozoans are the “amoeba, the flagellates, the ciliates, and the Sporozoa”. The protozoan diseases are mainly caused by parasites in nature, for example, malaria is caused by the plasmodium Vivax. Protozoan diseases are human pathogen that creates difficulties and health problems. Cholera is a protozoan disease that is caused by the parasite and bacterial growth of vibrio cholerae. Protozoan diseases are highly infectious and easily spread in the community. The protozoan disease spreads very quickly in moist areas and results in a complex health effect for humans.

What is protozoan disease? 

Protozoal disease caused by the protozoans may remain in the human or animal host throughout the entire life cycle. Protozoal diseases often influence the virus and bacterias to create human pathogens in the body. Protozoans are the vectors of the protozoan diseases such as mosquito is the vector of plasmodium vivax in the body. Protozoan diseases are highly contained for humans and animals because they can easily spread in the blood of animals. Protozoa can cause unknown infections and create difficulties for millions of people with illnesses in the country. According, to the report of WMR, in 2019, India contributed by 3% to the global malaria burden. Blood parasites create pathogens in the body for humans and animals which resulted in illness and viral infection.

Protozoan disease in humans

Protozoan diseases are common among humans and widely distributed in society to cause mass infection due to virus and bacterial growth. The most common “protozoan diseases among humans are malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, dengue, giardia, cholera”. Trypanosomiasis is a parasite infection that is a vector of “Trypanosoma brucei gambiense” that accounts for more than 95% of cases of chronic infection in the central nervous system. Malaria and dengue are caused by the mosquito as the parasite is the vector body of “plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum”. 

The list of protozoan disease

Different types of protozoan disease include:

• Cryptosporidiosis

• • malaria 
  • trypanosomiasis
  • leishmaniasis 
  • toxoplasmosis
  • dengue
  • giardia 
  • Cholera

• Amoebic dysentery

Cryptosporidiosis is the health disd4esesz caused by the “Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidiumhominins” and it is a major cause of diarrhoea among children below 5 years age in the country. Amoebic dysentery is the parasitic disease caused by “Entamoeba histolytica” which creates the health illness of gastrointestinal disorder and pain in the stomach. Leishmaniasis is a complex health disease caused by the genus of Leishmania that exists in the female sand fly vector. These diseases caused visceral problems in humans and resulted in the infection called Kal-Azar.

Health impact of protozoan disease

Protozoan diseases are highly infectious for humans and animals and it causes different health problems like diarrhoea, fever, nervous system breakdown, chronic infection in the stomach, gastrointestinal problems in the body. Chronic breakdown of human strength is due to parasitic infection in the blood. The protozoan disease also impacted the social health structures as it spread very quickly in the close community in the country. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a highly safe environment in a close community. India accounts for 18% of the global burden of Kala-azar among humans. Kal-Azar represents a significant health problem in the 54 districts of 4 states in the country. India recorded 1275 cases of leishmaniasis kala-azar in the year 2021. 

Suggestive care for the protozoan disease in human

Anti-parasitic drugs can help to reduce contamination in society by taking suggestive action for community care. The development of new formulations and innovation in the current and parasitic drugs helps to reduce the high percentage of parasitic infections in society. Parasitic infection can be reduced by developing an awareness campaign among people to make a clean environment for all and reduce garbage in the surroundings. Reduction in soil and water contamination helps to reduce the growth of vectors on the surface.

Current development of the protozoan disease recovery

National centre for disease control, India makes emerging drugs and develops medicines for the mitigation of parasitic disease in the country. Kala-azar cases decreased by 98% from the first observed in 1992. The government introduces a nutritional policy for mitigating the problems of malnutrition among the people of the four states in the country. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment help the country to reduce the contamination among the rural people. Promoting research and innovation in the vector control policy initiates the disease surveillance program for the rural people.

Conclusion

The above study illustrates that protozoan diseases are highly infectious for humans and animals and it causes several illnesses among the rural people of India. Protozoan diseases are a vector-borne disease that creates human pathogens and toxic bacteria in the body. A protozoan disease control program is quite effective for India to reduce contamination among rural people. The protozoan disease is generally caused by the polluted surface of the soil, water, and foods in society.