Human Brain

Made of soft tissues, including grey and white matter, a healthy human brain contains non-neuronal cells, blood vessels and nerve cells. The human brain is the most complex part of the body that controls thought, memory, emotion and other regulatory processes of our body. An adult’s brain weighs about three pounds containing 60 percent fat. The remaining 40 per cent of the human brain has been made of a combination of water, salts, carbohydrates and protein. The grey matter processes and interprets the information whereas the white matter transfers that information to other parts of the nervous system. 

Definition of the human brain

Made up of a hundred billion nerves, the human brain has been considered the most complex part of the body. This part has also been recognized as one of the largest body parts that have been made of soft tissues. Together with the brain and the extension of it, called the spinal cord, make up the central nervous system. Weighing around three pounds, this complex part of the body has been made up of two overarching types of cells such as glia and neurons.  Different types of glial cells protect the neurons that help to keep the cells and the brain functioning healthily. 

Main parts of the brain

A human brain can be divided into three main parts such as brainstem, cerebrum and cerebellum. 

• The cerebrum has grey and white matter at the centre of this part. This part of the human brain has been recognised as the largest part that controls, temperature, initiates and coordinates movement. 
• The middle part of the human brain is called the brainstem that is connected with the cerebrum through the spinal cord. This part of the brain can be divided into another three parts namely the pons, midbrain and medulla.
• Located back of the head the fist-sized portion of the human brain is called the cerebellum. This part has two hemispheres, the inner part communicates with the cerebral cortex and the outer part contains neurons. 

Lobes of the brain

• Generalised executive functions such as emotional regulation, planning, problem solving, and reasoning are typically associated with the frontal lobe. This part of the brain has contained the primary motor cortex which controls voluntary movement.
• There is a central sulcus separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe. The integration of sensory emotions including touch, pain, and pressure has been controlled by this part of the human brain. 
• The temporal lobe connects the frontal lobe with the lateral fissure, as well as containing sensory facilities, which are critical for the sense of hearing, for recognizing language, and for forming memories.

Deeper structure to the brain

The hypothalamus, located on the floor of the third ventricle has been considered as the controller of autonomic systems. This part of the brain controls the behaviours such as hunger, sleep, and thirst along with the secretion of the hormones. The pituitary gland is located in the skull base called sella turcica. Generally recognised as the master gland, this part of the brain controls the endocrine glands. The pineal gland has been located behind the third ventricle. This part of the brain controls the circadian rhythms and internal clock by secreting melatonin. 

Way the human brain works

In the human brain, different parts have been coordinated with the help of billions of cells that help in controlling, emotion, behaviour sessions and many more. A human brain normally sends and receives electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. While sending and receiving different signals from different parts of the human body, some messages have been kept within the brain. On the other hand, some messages have been sent to different portions of the body through the help of the vast nervous system of the human body. Relating billions of neurons, the brain cells usually receive and send responses to different parts of the body.

Functionality of brain

As the human brain can be divided into different hemispheres, the frontal lobes control the function of the human body related to mental flexibility, problem-solving, inhibition of behaviour and many more. The functionality of the parietal lobe includes differentiation of size, colour and sense. Visual perception and controlling the sense of touch has been the core functionality of the parietal lobe. Breathing and heart rate have been included within the functionality of the brain stem. Controlling memory and hearing have been included in the functionality of the temporal lobe. 

Conclusion 

The study has cast light on the discussion of the different parts of the human brain and its different functions. The discussion has included the discussion regarding the way a human brain works along with a brief description of the deep structure of the human brain. Furthermore, this study has included the description of the three main parts of the human brain and its functions as well. Moreover, the discussion regarding the lobes of the brain has been included in this study along with defining the human brain and its structure.