The bandwidth of Transmission medium

Introduction

Bandwidth of signals refers to the difference between the frequencies of the upper band and the lower band in the continuous band frequency.

Bandwidth of signals basically refers to the frequency range at which the electronic circuit can operate efficiently and without interruption.

For example, if the amplifier has a bandwidth of 2800 Hz, this means that the amplifier can amplify the signal well (without any distortion between 300Hz to 3100Hz).

In communication systems, the signal transmission channels can be of various types, such as voice, music, image or computer data. Each of these has a specific frequency range called the signal bandwidth.

Bandwidth of Transmission Medium

Similar to message signals, many types of transmission media give different bandwidths. The most widely used transmission media is free area and fiber optic cable. The coaxial cable is a widely used wire medium, providing a bandwidth of about 750 MHz. Such cables typically operate below 18 GHz. Frequent communication using radio waves occurs at a very wide range of frequencies: from a few hundred kHz to a few GHz. These are subdivided and assigned to different services. 

Solids

Solid materials are often used as means of transmission. For example sound can travel through metal in the form of vibrations. That is why we hear a distant train as we place our ears on a railroad track or hear noises from another room as we place our ears against a wall. Fiber optic cables, glass, metals are all solid transmission mediums.

Liquid

The liquid can be easily used as a transmission device for any wave. How does water boil and if not conduction currents are added to it when burning a bakery or container? Light can also pass through liquid; the reason we can see fish in an aquarium or pond

Gas

Gasses are a very effective means of transmission. You can always hear your friends calling you from a distance when they shout loudly. The use of free cell phones without any cable connection is only possible due to the use of air as a transmission point.

Vacuum

We know that the waves can travel in space as light and heat from the sun reach the earth’s surface through space. As a signal that can be built with multiple frequencies and thus have a specific bandwidth, any transmission method has a certain bandwidth limit which means it is in this bandwidth only when a certain wavelength exceeds the center.

Types of Media Transfer

In data communication terms, the transmission space is the visible path between the sender and the recipient i.e. the channel through which data is transmitted from one place to another. Bandwidth of Transmission Medium is broadly divided into the following types:

1.Guided media

Whatever data or message is transferred in guided media, it is all done through physical medium.  Here you have to connect the computer to the wired media to communicate.  Guided media is also called wired communication medium because it uses physical wire like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber cable.

Twisted Coupling Cable 

It consists of 2 separate conductor strings tied separately. Typically, several such pairs are stitched together in a protective bag. They are the widely used Transmission Media. Twisted Pair are of two types:

Unprotected Twisted Pair (UTP):

The UTP consists of two unsealed copper wires connected to each other. This type of cable has the ability to prevent distortion and does not depend on the body shield for this purpose. Used for phone applications.

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):

This type of cable contains a special coating (cover of copper braid or foil shield) to prevent external disturbances. It is used for fast Ethernet data as well as voice and data lines for telephone lines. 

Coaxial cable 

It has an outer plastic cover containing a protective layer made of PVC or Teflon and 2 matching conductors each with a separate closed cover. Coaxial cable transmits information in two ways: Baseband mode (dedicated cable bandwidth) and Broadband mode (cable bandwidth is divided into different distances). Cable televisions and analog TV networks make extensive use of Coaxial cables.

Stripline

Stripline is a transverse transmission line medium developed by Robert M. Barrett in the 1950s. Stripline is the first type of transmission line plan. It uses a propeller to transmit high frequency waves and is called a waveguide. This pilot material is integrated between two layers of the ground plane that are often shortened to provide EMI transmission.

2.Unguided media

Whatever data or message is transferred in unguided media, it is all done through wireless medium.  Here you have to connect the computer to the wireless media to communicate.  UnGuided media is also called wireless communication medium because wireless medium like radio, infrared light is used in it.

Radio transmission

Radio waves are low-frequency waves ranging from 3 kHz to 1GHz.  If you are planning to build a network with transmission media in a city or in a crowded place, then radio transmission will be the best because radio waves can go through the walls of the building without any obstruction.  In the communication that occurs with radio frequency, radio waves are released in the sky.  You can receive the waves propagated in the sky through antennas.  But when radio signals or the waves are broadcast in the sky, then there are incidents of tampering with them and questions from security also arise.

Infrared transmission

Infrared transmission is used for short distance communication.  In this, the frequency of the infrared wave ranges from 300 GHz to 400 THz.  In infrared transmission, if the signal cannot pass through a radio wave such as a building or a wall, then there is no tampering with the signal.  The best example of infrared transmission is the remote controls of your TV, DVD player or other electronic devices.

Conclusion 

Thus, Bandwidth plays an important role in determining signal quality at the same time reflecting the scope of the appropriate signal performance.

The bandwidth of signals also indicates the amount of data that can be transferred over a given period of time. In addition to bandwidth, additional data can be transferred. 

Bandwidth of signals has a different meaning in different contexts, referring to the frequency range at which the signal can work best in the communication system while in the Computer system refers to the amount of data transmitted. Bandwidth plays an important role in communication systems, both wireless and wireless.