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If you have a high power source and need to supply electricity to a smaller component, you must reduce the voltage level as required. Specifically, this is accomplished using proper electronic circuits, in which resistors play a vital role. In electrical & electronics engineering, there are two primary methods for connecting components. Series combination is the first type, whereas parallel combination is the second. When the components are linked in a series combination of resistors, the same current flows through them all; however, the voltage varies. Therefore, the maximum applied voltage will be equivalent to the sum of the current losses across each component.
Combination of Resistors
Electrical current is the passage of charged particles. Charge flow will be continuous in current electricity. This is because a flow of electricity moves from a higher electric potential to a lower one.
Current can only flow through a closed-loop circuit made of conductive material. This is because all of the wires in the circuit go in the same direction, forming a complete circuit.
Resistors are utilised in a wide variety of combinations. There are two ways to arrange the resistors in varying combinations:
(i) Series combination of resistors
(ii) Parallel combination of resistors
Series Combination of Resistors:
Resistors are connected in series when they are linked together, allowing the current to flow from one resistance to another. For example, assume there are three resistors. Each resistor has an ohm value of R1, R2 or R3.
When individual resistors are in a series combination, the total resistance equals the sum of their resistances, which may be expressed mathematically.
R equals R1 + R2 + R3.
R = total resistance
Characteristics
In a series combination of resistors, all the resistances are connected in a single line.
With this method of resistance connections, the current value remains constant across all resistances.
The current flowing through each resistance is constant.
IR1= IR2 =IR3 = 1mA
Three resistances are arranged in a series combination in this circuit, namely R1, R2 and R3.
Because the circuitry contains a series combination of resistances, we will sum all three of these resistances to obtain the overall resistance of the circuitry.
Rt = R1 +R2 +R3
By substituting the values of such resistances into the equation mentioned above, we may obtain the circuitry’s equivalent resistance.
Req = 2Ω + 3Ω + 5Ω =10Ω
Thus, the equivalent resistance will be ten ohms; it may alternatively be regarded as the series combination of resistors that can be substituted for all resistances in the circuitry.
The final expression for determining the circuitry’s net resistance is as follows.
Rt = Rx + Ry + Rz + ….. Rn
The Voltage of Series Combination of Resistors
The voltage across each resistance is different in circuitry. A change in resistance values results in a variable voltage drop across every resistor.
We can get the total voltage across the circuit’s terminals using the given formula,
Vt = VR1 + VR2 + VR3 = 10V
By applying Ohm’s Law to each resistance, we may determine the voltage across it.
VR1= I x R1= 1A x 2Ω = 2V
VR2 =I x R2 = 1A x 3Ω = 3V
VR3= I x R3 = 1A x 5Ω = 5V
By adding these voltages, we get 10 volts, which is the circuitry’s applied voltage.
As a result, we can deduce the overall voltage across all circuits in the series combination is equal.
Vt= VRx + VRy +VRz+……..+ VRn
Applications of Series Combination of Resistors
We design and solve a circuit to demonstrate the practical use of a series combination of resistors.
A light-dependent resistance in the circuit converts any physical quantity to an electrical signal.
Assume the LDR has a value of ten kilo-ohms and the resistor RX has a value of a thousand ohms.
Vout = Rx/(Rx +Ry) x Vin
=1000/(10000 +1000) x 12
Vout =1.09
Parallel Combination of Resistors:
When two or even more resistances are linked in parallel between two places, the current flowing through each resistance is going in a different direction. In such circuits, the current is divided and recombined at the branches.
Using mathematical formulas, the equivalent resistance for any series of parallel combination of resistors (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, ……..)as,
1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4 + 1/R5 + ……..
Conclusion:
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In circuits, resistors reduce the current flow and the voltage present. The many components of an electric circuit are connected in series combination or parallel combination to create various resistive networks. Sometimes, series and parallel combinations of resistors across several loops within the same circuit create a more complicated resistive network. It is critical to understand this since resistors are never isolated. Instead, they are connected as part of a bigger circuit containing several resistors in varying combinations.
